Natural Phenomena

Veronika Gyurjyan Professor Bachman English 28 4 February 2010 Natural Phenomena Henry David Thoreau was against of endurance. Instead of deliberately living, most of people’s lives are minimal in excess of a progression of responses to everything. A great many people endure today, believing that they will live their genuine living tomorrow. He would find the life around him, carrying his life into the amicable accord with all the developments around him. In 1845, July 4, he chose to move and dwell at Walden Pond, which is situated in Concord, Massachusetts around 18 miles northwest of Boston. Living in Walden for a long time, Henry David Thoreau composed the book Walden or Life in the Woods, summing up his experience, his living in Walden, far away from society. Live instead of let life live you. Certain people may feel that we are living since we are alive. To Henry David Thoreau (rationalist and imaginative craftsman), living was carrying on with a characteristic life that most of individuals are not living. Characteristic life implies reawaking and extending the human’s mindfulness, watching and finding something that exists in science, which is more than uncommon and hard to comprehend. Finding and reawaking something covered up is like giving an actual existence to something that as of now exists, including more creative mind and imagination. Walden by Henry David Thoreau is an American exemplary. The book is part close to home affirmation of freedom, social trial, journey of otherworldly disclosure. Was Henry a loner? I think he decide to segregate himself from society to acquire objectiveness about existence. The entire undertaking was enlivened by visionary way of thinking, for example, existing above or past human information or understanding, a focal subject of the American Romantic time frame. In his first and biggest part, â€Å"Economy†, he plots his venture, â€Å"A two-year and two-months remain at the comfortable firmly shingled cabin in the forested areas close Walden Pond. † I feel that partition from the human progress allows to reanalyze the whole life. Living in Walden was gainful for Thoreau. In the section â€Å"Where I lived and what I lived for† part he portrays how he was composing each day. What's more, that time in Walden was his generally gainful as an essayist. Another significant reason for his partition from society was understanding a significance and valuable impact of isolation. â€Å"I never found the partner that was as accommodating as isolation. †(Thoreau 177). Walden stresses the significance of isolation and closeness to nature. Walden isn't a natural book. It is around one man’s endeavor to discover the standards by which the life is an appropriate life. â€Å"Every morning was a merry greeting to make my life of equivalent straightforwardness, and I may state guiltlessness, with Nature herself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thoreau 132). Henry Thoreau was getting a charge out of each given morning, tolerating is as a blessing from nature. That was his opportunity to be nearer to guiltlessness. â€Å"I went to the forested areas since I wished to live intentionally, to front just the basic unavoidable truths that apply to everyone, and check whether I was unable to realize what it needed to educate, and not when I came to bite the dust, find that I had not lived. I didn't wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to rehearse acquiescence, except if it was very fundamental. I needed to live profound and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to defeat every one of that was not life, to cut a wide sample and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and diminish it to its most minimal terms, and, in the event that it end up being mean, why at that point to get its entire and real unpleasantness, and distribute its ugliness to the world†¦.. (Thoreau 135). Thoreau needed to maximize his life by figuring out what was extremely significant, and he did that by expelling himself to some degree from the typical existence of Concord, MA in the 1840’s. One side of this was practical; he diminished his material needs by living essentially, so he would not need to invest a lot of energy supporting a way of life that he didn't need or care about. The opposite side was profound, mu ch the same as the otherworldly withdraws of eastern and western religions. He loved it so much that he lived in his lodge for over two years, and returned with an extraordinary story. He took a shot at this story for quite a while in the wake of leaving the lake, until it became Walden as we probably am aware it today. By composing a Walden, Henry Thoreau gave an actual existence to those two years and two months he spent in the forested areas. He devoted his life to the investigation of nature, not as a background of human action, yet as living. He was supernaturally aware of the energy of Nature, the feeling of the rhythms and the agreement of her isolation. In Nature Henry found a similarity to the Transcendentalism. He didn't contemplate the Nature; else it could make him fanatical. He adored Nature. â€Å"WHO closer Nature’s life would genuinely come Must closest come to him of whom I speak; He assorted types knew,â€the vocal and the stupid; Masterful in virtuoso was he, and remarkable, Patient, smart, delicate, frolicsome. This Concord Pan would oft his whistle take, And forward from wood and fen, field, slope, and lake, Trooping around him in their few appearance, The bashful occupants their frequents spurn: Then he, as ? operation, man would ridicule, Hold up the picture wild to most clear perspective on undiscerning manhood’s baffled eyes, And taunting state, â€Å"Lo! reflects here for you: Be valid as these, if ye would be progressively shrewd. † Works Cited Book: Henry, Thoreau. Walden. Penguin Classics, 1985. Site: Amos Bronson Alcott. American Transcendentalism Web. 21 January. 2010

Ruthenium or Ru Element Facts

Ruthenium or Ru Element Facts Ruthenium or Ru is a hard, fragile, gleaming white progress metal that additionally has a place with the honorable metals and platinum metals bunch in the occasional table. While it doesn't promptly discolor, the unadulterated component can frame a receptive oxide that can detonate. Here are physical and substance properties and other ruthenium realities: Component Name: Ruthenium Image: Ru Nuclear Number: 44 Nuclear Weight: 101.07 Employments of Ruthenium Ruthenium is outstanding amongst other hardeners for expansion to palladium or platinum. It is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts with extraordinary wear resistance.Ruthenium is utilized to plate different metals. Warm deterioration or electrodeposition are the most widely recognized metals used to make ruthenium coatings.One ruthenium-molybdenum composite is superconductive at 10.6 K.Adding 0.1% ruthenium to titanium improves its consumption opposition by a factor of a hundred.Ruthenium oxides are adaptable catalysts.Ruthenium is utilized in some pen nibs. (Dont bite on your pen!) Fascinating Ruthenium Facts Ruthenium was the remainder of the platinum bunch metals to be discovered.The component name originates from the Latin word ‘Ruthenia’. Ruthenia implies Russia, which alludes to the Ural Mountains of Russia, the first wellspring of the platinum metal gathering ores.Ruthenium mixes are like those framed by the component cadmium. Like cadmium, ruthenium is poisonous to people. It is accepted to be a cancer-causing agent. Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is considered especially dangerous.Ruthenium mixes recolor or stain skin.Ruthenium is the main gathering 8 component that doesn't have 2 electrons in its external shell.The unadulterated component is powerless to assault by incandescent lamp and hydroxides. It isn't influenced by acids, water, or air.Karl K. Klaus was the first to detach ruthenium as an unadulterated component. This was an included procedure where he initially arranged the salt,â ammonium chlororuthenate, (NH4)2RuCl6, and afterward secluded the metal from it so as to portray it.Ruthenium shows a wide scope of oxidation states (7 or 8), despite the fact that it is most usually found in the II, III, and IV states. Unadulterated ruthenium costs around $1400 per 100 grams of the metal.The component wealth in the Earths outside is assessed to be 1 section for every billion by weight. The plenitude in the nearby planetary group is accepted to be around 5 sections for every billion by weight. Wellsprings of Ruthenium Ruthenium happens with different individuals from the platinum gathering of metals in the Ural mountains and in North and South America. It is additionally found in the Sudbury, Ontario nickel-mining locale and in the pyroxenite stores of South Africa. Ruthenium may likewise be separated from radioactive waste. A perplexing procedure is utilized to detach ruthenium. The last advance is hydrogen decrease of ammonium ruthenium chloride to yields a powder that is merged by powder metallurgy or argon-circular segment welding. Component Classification: Transition Metal Disclosure: Karl Klaus 1844 (Russia),â however, Jã ¶ns Berzelius and Gottfried Osannâ discovered debased ruthenium in 1827 or 1828 Thickness (g/cc): 12.41 Softening Point (K): 2583 Breaking point (K): 4173 Appearance: gleaming dim, very fragile metal Nuclear Radius (pm): 134 Nuclear Volume (cc/mol): 8.3 Covalent Radius (pm): 125 Ionic Radius: 67 (4e) Explicit Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.238 Combination Heat (kJ/mol): (25.5) Pauling Negativity Number: 2.2 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 710.3 Oxidation States: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, - 2 Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d7 5s1 Grid Structure: Hexagonal Grid Constant (Ã… ): 2.700 Grid C/A Ratio: 1.584 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (eighteenth Ed.)

How to Write Sample of Discussions

How to Write Sample of DiscussionsHow to write samples of debates, essays and speeches? It is not that hard to learn. All you need to do is learn from other writers. All the material that you will be using, whether it is students or university faculty or anyone else, needs to be based on something that is very effective in its function.What is it that you need to know about how to write speeches, essays or debates? In essence, you need to know the principles that are not negotiable when it comes to writing. You also need to know that good writing cannot be learned by following the rules.First of all, you need to be confident in what you are writing. You need to feel that your speech is on the right track. The entire point of writing is to have fun. You have to make sure that you are enjoying the experience as well. This is a very important point, even if you are using other people's materials.How to write samples of debates, essays and speeches? This is the second point that you need to understand. There are many instances when you have to give an essay or speech in front of a crowd. In other words, when you are asked to speak in front of your school or university faculty, group of students or any others. That is why you need to know the rules of the game.You need to know the way that the speakers go through when they deliver their speech. They have to walk the line between certain rules and some less rules. In essence, they need to be creative enough to get the audience to believe that their speech is based on certain rules that are not negotiable.How to write samples of speeches, essays and debates? In essence, this is the third point that you need to consider. You need to understand that you need to be authentic. The audience is looking for someone who is speaking from his heart. They will judge your speech based on how genuine you are.The fourth point that you need to understand is that you need to write with confidence. You need to feel that you are doing the best you can do. It is important to be ready to face those people in your audience, because there are times when you will be called upon to speak and you might not be prepared for it.How to write samples of speeches, essays and debates? This is the fifth point that you need to consider. You need to take into consideration that you will be speaking in front of a lot of people. In other words, you will be giving a speech in front of a group of students, faculty, other students and other teachers.

Marriage Not Always a Fairytale - 1068 Words

â€Å"I take you, to be my lawfully wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better or for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish; from this day forward until death do us part.† These traditional wedding vows conjure up images of true love and unfailing commitment. Although this unconditional love is beautiful, it was not always a reality. This fact became evident within literature of the late eighteen hundreds. â€Å"The Storm† written by Kate Chopin, â€Å"An Adventure in Paris† by Guy De Maupassant, and â€Å"The Lady with the Dog† by Anton Chekhov, are all prominent short stories that portrayed dissatisfied women involved in loveless marriages. For these women, lack of fulfillment and the†¦show more content†¦In this short story, Calixta never mentioned any dissatisfaction in her marriage. Calixta appeared to be pleased with her husband Bobinot, and her son Bibi. She was not searc hing for passion, but due to a fateful encounter, passion found her. When Alcee appeared at her door, his presence ignited all the infatuation she once felt for him. Before long, the two were in each other’s arms, and eventually in bed. Their fervent affair paralleled the rise, and eventual passing of the violent storm. â€Å"The generous abundance of her passion, without guile or trickery, was like a white flame which penetrated and found response in depths of his own sensuous nature that had never been reached† (Chopin 98). The steamy romance Alcee provided was one Calixta never knew she wanted. Unlike the women in â€Å"The Lady with a Pet Dog†, and â€Å"An Adventure in Paris,† Calixta stumbled into an unintentional affair. The women in â€Å"The Storm†, â€Å"Adventure in Paris†, and â€Å"The Lady with the Dog† were similar due to their cheating, but their affairs had vastly different outcomes. In â€Å"The Storm†, Calixta had a onetime intimate moment with Alcee, and she did not intend for anything to come out of it. Once their sexual encounter had ended, Alcee and Calixta went their separate ways. â€Å"So the storm passed and everyone was happy† (Chopin 99). This quote hinted the affair was kept a secret that would forever remain between them. â€Å"An AdventureShow MoreRelatedDoes Anne Sexton Want A Happily Ever After?1264 Words   |  6 Pagespeople start out with a very unfortunate life and then become very wealthy by some type of luck. A Cinderella story is a type of myth, or fairytale. Poems sometimes add details to famous myths to reveal a meaning that is deeper than what was originally intended. The meaning of a true Cinderella story is that hard work al ways prospers and that the underdog always comes out on top. However in Anne Sexton’s version of â€Å"Cinderella†, she uses repetition, sarcasm and a more modern twist of the story toRead MoreGeorge Eliots Silas Marner as a Fairy Tale Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagesrealistic and fairytale characters. It always ends in a happy ending. Fairytales always represent good over evil and have a timeless quality and a universal quality. Moreover they contain magic and it is as if in the story that Silass transformation seems magical. In the novel there is a superior power operating in the book. Also fairytales have stock characters (e.g. evil/hero). In addition to this, in the novel there are partly realistic and fairytale characters. 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Through Janie’s three mar riages, she learns what she truly desires in life and finds herself along the way. As each marriage comes to a close, Janie becomes stronger and surer of herself. Janie’s first husbandRead MoreCritique: Love and Cinderella1268 Words   |  6 Pages W131 8 October 2013 Critique of â€Å"Cinderella: Not So Morally Superior† Elisabeth Panttaja, teacher at Tufts University, analyzes the true morality of Grimm’s well known fairytale, â€Å"Cinderella†, in her critique, â€Å"Cinderella: Not So Morally Superior.† Cinderella is usually characterized as an innocent and â€Å"motherless† girl who is trying to find true love, such as Disney’s version of â€Å"Cinderella†. However, Panttaja claims that Cinderella is not motherless and Cinderella is trying to gain powerRead MoreEssay about Fairy Tales, The Hidden Meaning1436 Words   |  6 Pagestypically not found on television; but can be found in the older books of fairytales. 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A Luxury Theme Park Within The Wild West Where Freedom And...

Westworld. A luxury theme park set in the wild west where freedom and discretion are offered to paying customers. Those who have excessive wealth pay a hefty sum to interact with filled with humanoid-like artificial intelligence and do whatever they please with no consequences. The â€Å"hosts† are highly intelligent 3D printed robots that have high functioning brain capacity that have been created with a sole purpose as entertainment of the customers. AI’s are trained to react with human mannerisms, and are even allowed to improvise conversations and actions based upon the interactions with the newcomers. Their personalities are formed meticulously; programmed with extensive background information so that AI’s understand their purpose for given scenarios. To the layperson, it would be almost impossible to tell the difference between an AI and a human given their distinct modeling of humankind. Given the park’s realistic nature–constructed based upo n the real world–the resemblance allows for a proximity to reality, but at the same time embodies this distance necessary to understanding the nature of human life. 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Essay on Similarities between Creon and ANtigone - 1687 Words

Similarities between Creon and Antigone nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Sophocles’ play Antigone, Creon was engaged in a conflict with Oedipus’ daughter Antigone. Creon and Antigone did not see eye-to-eye the entire play due to extreme differences. Creon and Antigone had many similarities despite their enormous discrepancies. Having as many differences as they did, it made them uniquely similar in numerous ways. The similarities that Antigone and Creon shared were independence, loyalty toward their views, cruelty and arrogance (â€Å"The Similarities†). The connection shared by Antigone and Creon showed that as hard as Sophocles tried to make them diverse, he made them unintentionally equivalent at the same time.†¦show more content†¦Haemon stated that his father had dishonored the gods by sending Antigone off to her death, but Creon responded by saying, â€Å"You, you soul of corruption, rotten through-/ woman’s accomplice!† (836-37) Creon refused to acknowledge his son’s poi nt, therefore, not changing his mind on Antigone’s fate. In another scene, Creon showed his independence by refusing to listen to Tiresias’ prophecy. Knowing that Tiresias’ prophecies were never wrong, Creon still ignored him. Creon stated, â€Å"You and the whole breed of seers are mad for money!† (1171) He claimed that Tiresias was wrong, and he was doing the right thing. In this scene Creon showed his independence in a cruel manner by disrespecting Tiresias. Antigone and Creon both showed that they wanted to be independent. Antigone’s will to be independent ultimately caused her death, and Creon’s caused him to lose his son, niece, and wife. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Creon and Antigone also demonstrated a similarity in their loyalty to their own views. They both had different views, but they both remained loyal to them throughout the entire play. Creon and Antigone did not give in to others’ views, but relied on their own for survival. Creon was extremely loyal to his laws that he had made, and Antigone was loyal to her beliefs. Nothing was going to change either of them. When Antigone was brought in by the sentry, Creon was disturbed to find out Antigone was the person burying Polynices. He was extremely upsetShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Creon and Antigone1735 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities between Creon and Antigone In Sophocles play Antigone, Creon was engaged in a conflict with Oedipus daughter Antigone. Creon and Antigone did not see eye-to-eye the entire play due to extreme differences. Creon and Antigone had many similarities despite their enormous discrepancies. Having as many differences as they did, it made them uniquely similar in numerous ways. The similarities that Antigone and Creon shared were independence, loyalty toward their views, cruelty and arroganceRead MoreRelationship Between Antigone and Creon1355 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship between Antigone and Creon Antigone is a play written by Sophocles. The genre of the play that Sophocles wrote was based on tragedy. It is one of the first plays that use tragedy. In the play a young girl named Antigone, stands up against her uncle Creon who is the king. She stands up for her rights, so that she can give a religious burial to Polynices. She was a girl with a lot of will power. This essay talks about the relationship between Antigone and Creon. This essay would containRead MoreAntigone And The Adjustment Bureau Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesGottner PreAP Hour 5 20, December, 2017 Comparing â€Å"Antigone† and The Adjustment Bureau Characters’ Choices and Consequences Many movies are based off of books so they are very similar, but have you ever noticed that a movie and a piece of writing completely unrelated can have many similarities. One that was recently brought to my attention was between the movie Adjustment Bureau and the play â€Å"Antigone†. The play and movie have a couple similarities but one that sticks out to me is the charactersRead MoreComparing Creon, Antigone, And Oedipus1318 Words   |  6 Pagesdedication and determination; however, success is discarded by personal gain. Creon, Antigone, and Oedipus have different personalities and roles, but they also share similarities. Oedipus and Creon were two different types of rulers where the transition into power had effected them and had an infringement of prophecies. While Antigone was never in a leadership role all three show acts of pride she has some similarities with Creon and Oedipus in the fight within oneself. The pride allows civil laws toRead More Looking at the sim ilarities and context of the plays; The Crucible,1001 Words   |  5 PagesLooking at the similarities and context of the plays; The Crucible, St. Joan and Antigone I shall be comparing the following three plays: The Crucible, St. Joan, and Antigone. I will be analysing the plays contents so that I can look at the similarities between the three of them and communicating the ideas that each of the three main characters have similar characteristics. The Crucible was written by playwright Arthur Miller and was first produced in 1953. The play is set in Salem, MassachusettsRead MoreOedipus The King And Antigone1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand Antigone. The end of Oedipus the King was the beginning of Antigone. Oedipus the King is one of the strongest tragic Drama as it tells a serious story which evokes fear and pity through incidents that put sympathetic characters in threat and Oedipus the tragic protagonist (the king) who suffer more than he deserved. Although, Antigone resemble Oedipus the King in many faces such as it is a tragic Drama, also it has two tragic protagonists, Antigone and Creon. Both of Antigone and Creon showedRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Sophocles Antigone and Shakespeares Othello964 Words   |  4 Pagestragedies of Antigone and Othello were written with great depth and are structured in such a way that both characters are victims, in spite of their crimes. Antigone and Othello are tragedy plays created by using many techniques to create the feelings of fear and pity. There are differences and similarities in ch aracters, action, and themes between Antigone and Othello. First, the major characters in both of the plays are suffering through great pain and end up with death. The drama Antigone which isRead MoreThe Conflict Between Antigone And Creon1327 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone is a play that was written in ancient Greece by the playwright Sophocles. It is the third play in a trilogy of tragedies about the city-state of Thebes, revolving around Oedipus Rex. Antigone starts the day after a civil war fought between the two sons of Oedipus Rex after his death. The civil war ended in death for both brothers, so their uncle, Creon, assumed the role of King of Thebes. The main conflict of the play begins when Creon gives one brother, Eteocles, a burial with honors, butRead MoreAn Interpretive Analysis On Conflicting Self Reassurance1337 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone: An Interpretive Analysis on Conflicting Self-Reassurance Antigone is a complex, yet debatable play, written by Sophocles somewhere around 442 BC. 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Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World Essay Example For Students

Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World Essay How many individuals can name the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? These ancien, man made monuments were compiled into a list considerable in their enormous size orsome other unusual quality (Donovan 325). We should not let these legacies be leftbehind in the past, because each of these Seven Wonders has a story hidden withintheir ruins, or in one case, within its remains. Picture these architectural structuresas I uncover the legends of The Statue of Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Pyramidsof Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, and theTemple of Artemis. The first full modern version of the list appeared less than four centuries ago inItaly in 1608 (Romer IX). After that the lists varied, sometimes naming ten wonders,but always keeping the honored name of The Seven Wonders of the World (IX). Thelisting of these wonders initiated by Greeks and Romans listed memorable things thatthey thought travelers should see (Donovan 325). The origianl authorship of the listis not completely proven, but it is believed to be composed by Bede and Philo (RomerX). Philos list is the most impressive, because of its uncomparable text, in length,poetry, and information given (Romer X). At one time, classical writers argued overthe true list, but today there is one most commonly used (Virtual Tours 1). Few drawingsor sketches exist of the vanished monuments, so archeologists have relied on ancienttales and literary works to get an idea of appearance and history (2).Every one of the seven wonders is connected to the legendary King Alexander (RomerXII). He f ounded Egyptian Alexandria, the city of Pharos; he stormed Halicarnassus,the city of the Mausoleum; the Rhodian of Colossus was cast in his image; he diedin Babylon, the city of the Hanging Gardens, and all of them stood within his shortlivedEmpire (Romer XII). Apart from the Statue of Zeus in the west and the Hanging Gardensin the east, they all lay in the center of the Greek Empire (McLeish 4). In the Fourth Dynasty, built 4600 years ago, the Giza Pyramids came known as the greatest of the Seven Wonders (Grigson 18). These pyramids are the largest of the 70-odd pyramidsbuilt (18). The largest of the three Giza Pyramids is the Pyramid of Cheops (18). Its base is 57,000 square feet and has 2,300,000 limestone blocks each weighing twoand one-half tons (18). It is made up of a Kings Chamber, Queens Chamber, grandgallery, vents, ascending and descending passages, and a Greaves Shaft (Krystek 4). Cheops Pyramid is surrounded by rows of low flat tombs, mastabas, and three smallpyramids in which his family and other high officials were buried (Grigson 20). Thesecond pyramid is called the Pyramid of Chephren and the third if the pyramid of Mycerinus(20). These pyramids all have an astonishing accuracy in their construction (18). There is only about eight inches difference between the longest and the shortest baselineand teh four corners make an almost perfect right angle (18). It is believed thatthe Eyqyptians worked by observing teh stars because all the sides are aligned toface the cardinal points of the compass (18). Richard Procter, and astronomer, observedhat the descending passage could have b een used to observe transit stars and he grandgallery could have been used to map the sky when on the top (Krystek 3). The pyramidis probably connected with Egyptain sun worship and a pyramid stone, the benben, symbolizesthe sun god ( Grigson 20). When the suns rays breaks through at exactly the angleof teh Giza Pyramids, the Egyptians regarded that as a stairway to heaven for theirkings (20). They believed the body was the spirits house and so they want to perservethe body as long as they can (Mc Leish 5). Priests began by removing all the softparts of the body, such as the brain, lungs, heart, liver, and intest ines (5). A greatarcheologist, Sir Flanders Petrie, estimated that it took 100,000 men to haul stonesand another 4,000 to work on the actual construction (Grigson 20). They used no pulleys,but must have used an incline plane to raise the blocks (20). How the inside of tehpyramid is built is unknown (20). The center of the pyramid is the home of Cheopsburial chamber (20). Before and after the construction of the Pyramids, Egyptiansinterned their dead Pharohs and Kings to intricate tombs (Krystek 2). They believedthat the body has two separate existances, so all the dead leaders were placed inthe tomb along with many treasures the Egyptians believed they would need in the afterlife(2). This is why the Pyramids were such a hot spot for thieves. Egyptian architectstried designing passageways that could be plugged with immoveable granite rocks, hiddenrooms, and decoy chambers, but nothing worked (2). There is almost no exception thateach tomb of the Egyptian Kings was plundered (2). The next wonder is the Olympian Zeus. Greeks were very attatched to their gods, perhaps because even though the gods were immortal and had superhuman powers, in every other way they were like mortal men (Grigson 22). They had feelings, jealousy and rivalries (22). The mightiest of the Greeks gods was Zeus (22). Zeus was the son of the titans Cranos and Rhea (22). He was regarded as the king and father of gods and men (22). Zeus was married to his sister, Hero, but he had many affairs with other goddesses and mortal woman despite her (22). The Olympic games were held in honor of Zeus since 776 B.C. at the Plain of Olympia at Pelopomesus (22). At his altar, 100 cattle were sacrificed as the main part of the festival (Mcleish 19). So, the the greeks decided to build a temple in his honor in the fifth century B.C. (Grigson 22). One of the best Greek sculptors, Phedias, was asked to do it (22). It was built in about 457 B.C and the finished Zeux was a gold and ivory work with the flesh pa rts carved from ivory and mounted on a wood or stone core (22). The draperies and other ornaments were cast from gold (22). This lavish 40 foot statue had a wreath around his head, holds a figuire of his messenger, Nike, in his right hand, and a sceptor in his left (Ashmawy 1) Zeus was believed to have long hair, a bush beard, and a moustach with long ends (Grigson). Eventually, weathly Greeks moved the statue to a palace in Constantinople, today known as Istanbul, Turkey (Ashmawy 1). Their effort prolonged its life because a fire devastated the Olympia Temple (1). Roamans adopted Zeus and one of the emporers wanted to take the statue to Rome, remove Zeus head, and replace it with a statue of his own (1). When they went to get it, they wre driven out of the temple by peals of laughter (1). Later a sever fire also destroyed the statue in 462 A.D. (1). One of the most beautiful sights of the ancient world was the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Grigson 16). They came to be when Babylon, o ne the worlds great empires, was defeated by the rival empire Assyria (15). In 626 B.C., and alliance defeated Assyria and the Chaldean ruler of Nabopolassar made himself king of Babylon (15). With the new king, Babylon exceeded to its old glory as Nabopolassar built mighty walls around the city (15). According to the legen, Nabuchadnezzar continued Nabopolassars work of building fortresses and walls (15). His queen was a princess of his fathers allies, and she missed the hills of her Persian homeland and disliked the flatness of Babylon (15). To please her, Nabuchadnezzar built a man-made hill in the form of terrace gardens (15). The Hanging Gardens rose 328 feet and were surrounded by a reinforcing wall 23 feet thick (15). Workman built terraces in long straight rows and marble staircases supported by rows of arches connected them (15). They lined the terraces with lead in order to keep water in and covered them with earth from fields, which created a half dozen huge flowerbeds th e size of tennis courts (15). These flowerbeds held exotic trees, shrubs, flowers, and creepers lay along the terrace (15). On top of the terrace was fountains, waterfalls, and streams which had the water raised by pumps from the Euphrates River worked by slaves (15). Twenty -two years after Nebuchadnezzars death, the empire of Babylon was lost to the Persian Emporer Cyprus the Great, and today all that remains is on or two arches and a well (16). In 312 B.C. Rhodes joined King Ptolemy of Egypt in his war against Antigonous of Macedona (Grigson 14). Later the Macedonians returned for revenge on the Rhodes and besiged the city with a fast force of men and ships (14). The Rhodians managed to hold them back for a year until Ptolemy of Egypt finally cam to the rescui (14). Among the defenders of Rhodes, was a sculptor, Chares of Lindus (14). To praise him, the Rhodians commissioned him to create a huge bronze statue in honor of the islands patron, the sun god Helios or Apollo (14). The statue celabrated the unity of the Rhodes three-city states (Ashmawy 1). The task to Chares took twelve years, from 292 B.C. to 280 B.C. (Grigson 14). It was 105 feet high, 295 tons, and cast entirely from metal taken from the war engines abandoned by the Macedonians (14). The Colossus of Rhodes is hallow inside supported by interior stone and iron blocks (Ashmawy 1). The statue stood on a promontory overlooking the water and on some accounts, ships sailed between its legs, for it stood near the harbor of Rhodes, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea (1). According to the story, when it was complete, Chares found a mistake in his calculations and killed himself (14. The Colossus was one of the greatest pieces of self-criticism and hailed as the most perfect representation of a human form (14). In 224 B.C., and earthquake rocked the island snapping the statue at its knees, toppling across a whole city block (McLeish 5). The Rhodians left it lying there for another 900 years (5). The Colos sus of Rhodes was to be the most short-lived of the worlds wonders (Grigson 15). Later, when Arabs captured Rhodes, the statues remains were sold to a Jewish merchant for scrap (15). Over 3300 years ago, a boulder landed on the town of Apashash, just south of Izmir, Turkey, killing the king (McLeish 9). The superstitious people believed it was the goddess, Mother Earth, who was punishing the king for his wickedness he had shown as ruler (9). This town prospered after the kings death and the Greek visitors changed the name of the town to Ephesus and the goddesss name to Artemis (9). Artemis was worshipped greatly in Ephesus and so around 550 BC they built her a temple that by all accounts was the finest in the world (Grigson 23). The Lydian king, Croesus, sponsored the temple and Chersiphron, a Greek architect, designed it (Ashmawy 1). It surpasses every structure raised by human hands (23). On the site cleared for the temple, 45,000 people could have stood (McLeish 10). The temple i s rectangular in shape, made of marble, with a decorated faade overlooking a huge courtyard (Ashmawy 2). Marble steps lead up to a terrace that is 260 by 430 feet in size (2). One hundred twenty-seven columns, 60 feet high with Ionic capitals and carved circular sides, surround the platform of the temple (2). Every part of the temple was covered in paintings and carvings (McLeish 10). The four bronze statues of amazons inside were sculpted by the most skilled artists of their time: Pheidias, Polyclietus, Kresilas, and Phradma (Ashmawy 1). For many years people visited the temple to share their profits with the goddess (1). Many people, such as kings and priests, deposited their wealth there and the temple was noted as a common treasury for all Asia (Grigson 24). Archeologists have found bracelets, earrings, and statuettes left from as far as Persia and India (Ashmawy 1). In an attempt to immortalize himself, Herostratus burnt down the temple in 365 BC (Grigson 23). The new temple, l abeled temple E, was rebuilt in 323 BC and one of the greatest admirers was Alexander the Great, who by coincidence was born on the night of the old temples destruction (23). In 262 AD the Goths destroyed the temple E (Ashmawy 1). The Ephesians vowed to rebuild it, but by the fourteenth century they had mostly been converted to Christianity (1). In 401 AD, the Temple of Artemis was completely torn down by St. John Chrysostom, and Ephesus was later deserted (1). In the city of Bodrum on the Aegean Sea, in southwest Turkey was the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Ashmawy 1). From 377 to 353 BC, the king Mausollos of Caria reigned, and he moved his capital to Halicarnassus to be closer to the Persian capital which had recently expanded its kingdom (1). Nothing is interesting about this king, Mausollos, except for his tomb (1). Artemisia, his wife and sister, conceived the project during his life time (1). The Mausoleum, named after the king, was finished around 350 BC, three years after Mau sollos death and one year after Artemesias (1). This building gave its name to all large tombs today (1). The Mausoleum is rectangular and 140 by 100 feet in size (2). There was a stepped podium, which was 60 feet, a 38-foot colonnade, a 22-foot pyramid, and a 20-foot chariot statue (2). The sides are completely decorated with tens of life size, under, and over life size statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals (2). These works were carved by Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus (2). Each sculptor was responsible for one side (2). The burial chamber and sarcophagus of white alabaster is decorated with gold and located on the podium, surrounded by Ionic columns (2). The colonnade supported the pyramid roof, which was decorated with statues as well (2). A statue of a chariot pulled by four horses was on top of the tomb (2). The tomb survived sixteen centuries until an earthquake damaged the roof of the colonnade (1). In 1489,the Christians who had made Halicarnassus a stronghold against the Turks, took the stones of the base to build castle walls and broke the sculptures to use as mortar (McLeish 24). The knights of St. John of Malta supposedly found gold stolen by pirates in the tomb chamber, but only a few gold ornaments survive today (24). By 1522 almost every block had been disassembled from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (Ashmawy 1). In 331 BC Alexander the Great captured Egypt and he planned to leave there in triumph on ship by one of the mouths of the river Nile (McLeish 29). All the Delta channels were too shallow, so he decided to build a new city with deep water harbors ideal for war-galleys and trading ships (29). On this harbor of Alexandria, a lighthouse, otherwise called Pharos, was built (Ashmawy 1). Upon its completion in about 270 BC, it was estimated to be about 400 feet high (1). The Greek architect Sostratos designed the lighthouse, one of the tallest structures on Earth in its time, during the reign of the King Ptolemy II (1) . From an Arab travelers notes from 1166, archeologists have deduced that the lighthouse was built in three sections (1). The bottom section was square, the middle eight sided, and the top circular (Donovan 325). At the top, a mirror reflected sunlight during the day, and a fire guided soldiers at night (Ashmawy 1). The structure became so famous that pharos came to mean lighthouse in French, Italian, and Spanish (1). In November 1996, a team of divers claimed to find the ruins of the lighthouse in the Mediterranean Sea (2). History Essays

Ethics and Land Use Behavior

Introduction Ethics refers to a code of conduct that defines how individuals should behave or interact with others and the surrounding environment (MacKinnon 15). The code of conduct is informed by the principles of right (good) and wrong (evil).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Land Use Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engaging in ethical behavior involves making a choice between what is deemed to be right or wrong. An ethical individual must be able to distinguish right from wrong, as well as, good from evil. Furthermore, the individual must make a commitment to do only what is right or good (MacKinnon 18). Making ethical decisions is often difficult due to the values and attitudes that are held by individuals. Moreover, the professional, economic and social contexts in which a person operates can challenge his ability to pursue ethical goals. In this paper, a distinction will be made between right and wrong behaviors in the context of land usage. This distinction will be underpinned by the premise that an ethical individual must do what is right to do rather than what he has a right to do. Land Use Behavior In most communities, individuals have competing values that create difficulties and contentions in the process of making land use decisions. Generally, land ethic is used as a principle for prioritizing the possible uses of the available land. Concisely, it helps community members and decision-makers to select the right land use behaviors. In this regard, we can identify what is right or wrong in regard to land use by considering the following principles. First, protecting the interests of the less fortunate in the community should be the main objective of land use policies. According to the principle of distributive justice, each member of the community should have access to a piece of land (MacKinnon 78). In the contrary, the rich tends to be the owners of large t racks of land, whereas the poor are usually squatters in most societies. In this regard, owning large tracks of land is wrong if such ownership denies majority of the community members the opportunity to acquire a piece of land. This is because the ownership serves self interest at the expense of the society. Sharing the piece of land with other community members through mechanisms such as selling or nationalization will be the right behavior. For instance, in Zimbabwe the government nationalized part of the land that was owned by white settlers in order to resettle its citizens. This decision was justified by the fact that most citizens were squatters, whereas the white settlers owned over 60% of the country’s land. Hence, the government’s objective was to ensure distributive justice in land use.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, land use policy must focus on protect ing individuals’ right to a clean environment, as well as, preservation of natural ecosystems. This objective is yet to be achieved in most societies, especially, in the developed world. The emergence of property rights movement was accompanied by a belief that the main obligation of a person is to protect personal gains without taking into account the effects of individual actions in the community. This belief is partly responsible for the reluctance among land users to take responsibility for their actions. For example, industrial producers usually discharge untreated wastes into the ambient environment. This happens because the producers are interested in maximizing profits by avoiding the cost of controlling pollution. Similarly, real estate developers in the US have strategically chosen to construct very large houses in order to attract wealthy clients (Wotapka). However, their actions lead to the destruction of vegetation and ecosystems in the community. Even though the producers and property developers have a right to invest, their behaviors are wrong since they infringe the public’s right to a clean environment. Land ethic calls for responsible investments (Brassard 497-500). According to the principle of culpability, individuals or institutions that are causing land use harms must be held accountable for their actions. Concisely, they must be forced through social pressure or statutory provisions such as pollution tax to internalize the damage costs that are associated with their actions. Thus, the right behavior involves treating industrial wastes that might harm the environment. Similarly, property development should minimize land usage. For instance, constructing high rise apartments rather than bungalows is a socially responsible behavior in communities where land is scarce. Third, land management structures must eliminate conflict of interest. Land use is often managed by a government agency such as the ministry of land. These agenc ies are led by commissioners who make decisions on how public land should be used. In this context, commissioners can make land use decisions that serve their interests at the expense of the public. Examples of conflict of interest in land management initiatives include the following. To begin with, commissioners can enjoy personal financial benefits by voting for decisions that affect a region where they own large pieces of land (Sanghera and Satybaldieva 96-114).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Land Use Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, a commissioner can vote against controlled development in a municipality where he owns land so that he can construct as many buildings as possible. Conflict of interest can also occur if the decision taken by a commissioner can benefit any of his blood relatives. The benefit can be in the form of financial gain or unfair acquisition of land. Fina lly, conflict of interest can occur if land use issues are used by politicians as a complain agenda in order to attract voters. In this case, politicians make land use promises which might be popular but not beneficial to the public. According to the principle of common good, any act that leads to conflict of interest in land use or management is wrong. A common good is achieved when land management decisions enhance social welfare in the community (MacKinnon 89). It is also achieved when land management decisions promote peace and security. In the contrary, conflict of interest often leads to tensions and confrontations. For instance, biased land use policies led to bloody confrontations between Africans and whites in South Africa during the apartheid period. The principles of land ethic should be upheld in situations where conflicts of interest are likely to arise. In this regard, the behavior of a decision-maker is deemed to be right if he abstains from taking any decision or act ion regarding land use that directly benefits him or his close relatives at the expense of the society. For instance, a land commissioner should disqualify himself from voting in a decision-making process that affects a region where he owns a relatively large piece of land. Finally, ethical obligations should be applicable in the local and the adjacent jurisdiction (MacKinnon 112). It is apparent that communities do not exist in isolation. Thus, their land use behaviors are likely to affect neighboring communities. For instance, farming along the upstream banks of a river will lead to water pollution which eventually affects the downstream communities. This is likely to happen if the river is an open access water resource (Sanghera and Satybaldieva 96-114). Even though the upstream communities have a right to use the river’s water for farming, their action is wrong since it hurts the downstream communities. If the upstream and downstream communities belong to different jurisd ictions, the right action will involve enforcing land use policies that are binding in both jurisdictions. Concisely, each community must take responsibility for its behavior by refraining from any action that pollutes the river. Conclusion Ethics refers to principles and guidelines that govern the behavior of individuals in the society (Brassard 497-500). In the context of land use and management, these principles help individuals and communities to distinguish between right and wrong behaviors. However, community members often disagree on what should be classified as right or wrong land use behavior due to underlying values and attitudes.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, certain behaviors can be deemed to be right and acceptable by some individuals. However, the same behaviors can be considered to be immoral, inappropriate and unacceptable by others. Consequently, the community must agree on common ethical standards that will guide the behavior of its members in regard to land use. This leads to the conclusion that an ethical individual must do what is right to do, rather than what he has a right to do. Works Cited Brassard, Paul. â€Å"Social and Land Use Ethics Surrounding Land Trusts.† Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economcis 42.2 (2000): 497-500. Print. MacKinnon, Barbara. Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print. Sanghera, Balihar and Elmira Satybaldieva. â€Å"Ethics of Property, Illegal Settlements and the Right to Subsistence.† International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 32. 1 (2012): 96-114. Print. Wotapka, Dawn. â€Å"College Housing Firms Aim Upscale.† Wall Street Jou rnal. Dow Jones and Company. 23 Oct. 2012. Web. This essay on Ethics and Land Use Behavior was written and submitted by user Brandon Stephens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Points to Take into Account While Looking for Writers to Help with Your Assignment

5 Points to Take into Account While Looking for Writers to Help with Your Assignment 5 Points to Take into Account While Looking for Writers to Help with Your Assignment When you are looking to hire a writer, you have to make sure that he/she is the best candidate for the task to handle. Unfortunately, many people do not know which qualities to pay attention to, when they are searching for writers. Luckily, this article will help you understand which factors you should consider before hiring the writer. There are five key points that determine if the person you are interviewing will provide you with the best writing. 1. Previous Feedback When you are looking for writers, pay attention to the previous customers’ feedback. Almost all professional writers have reviews that their clients have left. Look over them to make sure that the person you are going to hire is reliable and really good at writing. If the writer does not have any reviews, or is not willing to show you the clients’ feedback, this is the red flag that you have to omit such a person and find someone else to work with. 2. Writing Samples Good, readable writing is the most important skill of a truly professional writer. As such, you need to make sure that the person you are going to hire is well qualified for the job. The best way to do this is to ask him/her for the samples. You can look through these papers and determine whether the writers style fits your needs. 3. Communication Skills Can you easily contact the person you would like to hire? Good communication skills are very important. This ensures you that the writer is able to understand and meet your needs. Additionally, being able to contact the writer makes it easier to discuss any revisions or changes that might be required. 4. Ability to Meet Deadlines Your project needs to be completed within a finite amount of time before the due day. Otherwise, you will not have enough time to check the paper, and as a result will be punished for delaying or for submitting the poor piece. Because of this, you have to work with someone who will be able to meet the deadline. So, make sure that the writer knows exactly when the assignment has to be finished. 5. Does the Writer Works for an Agency? Are you looking for a freelance assignment writer, or someone who works for an agency? Some writers work for themselves, while others are employed by writing companies. While both options are great, writers, who work for the agencies, tend to be more reliable. They are part of the larger businesses, so they treat their crafts with professional seriousness. Good feedback, great writing samples, and being able to meet the deadline are the items to ensure you that you are on the right path. Consequently, such a writer will provide you with a worthy paper. So, when you want to find the most qualified writer possible, use these key points to make the right choice and to hire the best candidate for you piece.

Democratization and Reversal Democracy Term Paper

Democratization and Reversal Democracy - Term Paper Example The exploration of the internet services coupled with other social sites like twitter, face book and internet related ways of disseminating information have been known to enhance the scope of participation and contribution on issues that directly attract the public debate (Diamond 35). The contribution of the liberal technology in enhancing democratization is coming with a couple of threats to the existing regime. The regimes are also hell-bent in cushioning themselves from the looming exposure of the actions that are perceived to be rolling back the democratic processes gained in the country. In this regard, most of the totalitarian regimes have opted to censor media houses and as well as the internet providers that enables the citizen to participate in the discussion the reprimands the government conduct on abuse some fundamental human rights (Diamond 43). The media operators have also been in the same trouble with the regimes they serve under following their efforts to expose the unorthodox ways of handling issues. Technological liberation has also enabled the public to not only scrutinize the government conduct but also increased the amount of participation on issues of public interest. The contribution of the technology in democratization in this regard can not be underestimated as a key player in the democratization process (Diamond 32). The role of liberal technology has attracted the concern of the optimist and the pessimists in equal measure. The optimists of the liberal technology views it as a way of empowering the individuals, instituting a strong and viable civil society that is able to agitate and champion for the rights of the people and reach a critical mass of individuals in the shortest time possible. The technology will also facilitate utmost independent communication and mobilization (Diamond 55). On the other side, the pessimist of the liberal technology have a contrary view, they cite china as one of the countries that heavily explore the use of technology as having not realized any significant change in the political arena. The Chinese Communist Party has continued ruling with iron fist and has firmly shielded external intrusion as it is beyond what accountability means (Diamond 61). Liberal technology has been defined as the variety of information and communication technology that has the ability to enhance the social, economic, and political freedom. In this sense, the technology facilitates on the way news are reported, exposure of the wrongdoings in the country, enables quick and most efficient ways of opinion expression, mobilization of the protest, close monitoring of the elections to ensure they are free and fair (Diamond 68). In addition to all these, the initiative also facilitates scrutiny of the government, entrench deep public participation and most importantly enhance and expand the horizons that come with freedom. Malaysia is one of the countries that have the record of consistently controlling the ope ration of the technological flow of information as they deem it a factor that is detrimental to the existence of the government. The utilization of the technology has also been on the rise as in the records of the recent statistics. Liberal technology has a convincing history in the revolutionary world, the effect of technology in the dissemination and perception changes can be

Healthy Grief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Healthy Grief - Essay Example son when faced with pain, still lengthened or severe grief may impose negative effects on a person’s health and may also result in some serious issues. As humans we have the ability of building strong affections, attachments and relationships with others. The breaking of these bonds may result in strong emotion reaction. It is the responsibility of the health care professionals to understand in depth the process of grievance and also provide support to the people undergoing this process and work toward bringing such people back to the normal life. This paper takes into account the comparison between the grief process defined by the writer Elizabeth Kubler-Ross and also the relationship that exists between grief process and joy. Finally the paper ends with defining one’s own method of handling grievance and how my experience has helped me to change my view about it. There are five stages of grief that has been outlined by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross which are anger, bargaining, depression, denial and finally acceptance. Kubler-Ross also explains the fact that not every stage is experienced by every person nor do they experience the discuss stages in the same order. The grievance model presented by the Kubler-Ross is considered effective for the purpose of understanding and also dealing with grief. It is also being used in Europe and United Sates from the medical point of view. However there is no doubt about the fact that the whole coping with grief mechanism can be linked to religion and most significantly with faith. The model present by Kubler-Ross effectively explains the psychological and the technical basis of grievance. However, it fails to explain that why some religions and cultures approach grief in their own different and unique ways. For example in the Holy Bible we see that several times the prophets as well as the apostles have turn to God blaming Him, questioning Him and even bargaining with God out of desperation and despair. The Tibetan Buddhists

Climate Change Impact On Agriculture In Pakistan

Climate Change Impact On Agriculture In Pakistan Climate change is a phenomenon that arises due to emissions of greenhouse gases from fuel combustion, deforestation, urbanization and industrialization, resulting variations in solar energy, temperature and precipitation. (Upreti, 1999). It is a real threat to life which largely affects water resources, agriculture, coastal regions, freshwater habitats, vegetation, forests, snow cover, and geological processes such as melting, land sliding, desertification and floods all of which have long-term affects on food security and human health. (G.Malla.2008). Climate change is a global issue; debated on at all fronts whether its political, economic or scientific. Climate must be prevented from further damage. Before the end arrives, there is a need on all levels of society to understand climate, the factors behind change and its impact on our agriculture and economy. It is a well known fact that agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan. Agriculture and agri-related activities form 80% of the countrys economy. Agriculture is comparatively more sensitive to changes in climate, and can be impacted severely due to events such as untimely rainfalls, extreme temperatures and carbondioxide concentrations. A need arises to closely observe the environment and take up necessary measures for tackling these challenges. This research work is an attempt to address the issues and problems faced by Pakistans agricultural sector and find the necessary solutions. 2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Pakistans economy and prosperity is closely linked to its agriculture. Pakistans economic activities relate directly or indirectly to agricultural sector. Agricultural sector is dependent on nature. The uncertain changes in nature i.e. changing in precipitation pattern, extremely high and low temperatures, cyclones, thunderstorms, variation in water level, impurification of air, water and soil, have made agriculture and agri-production a challenging issue. Unusual heavy rain storms in 2010, which resulted in floods and distortion of agriculture and property, are an example of climate change. The loss to the economy and the people sufferings are still remembered and unforgettable. It is the need of the day to carefully observe climate change, the causes of extreme weather events and find the necessary solutions to the problems. Issues regarding susceptibility to extreme climate conditions should be addressed with seriousness to save Pakistans agricultural sector and consequently the national economy. This research study is an attempt in addressing and ultimately solving the problems faced by Pakistans agriculture sector due to uncertain climate revolutionization. 3. OBJECTIVES: Considering the importance of agricultural sector for the economy and food requirements of Pakistan, there is a need for reliable estimates of major crop production under varied climate change provisions and circumstances. Although climate is an immeasurable fact that is affected by various factors i.e. Carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere, temperature variations, precipitation rates, water level, soil erosion, salinity etc. The factors that are directly effecting crop production are temperature and precipitation rates. This research study will analyze crop production with temperature and precipitation rates. The core purposes of this research study will be as under; 1. To observe the trend of climate change from the last three decades i.e. from 1980 to 2010; 2. To analyze temperature and rainfall, as the key factors effecting agricultural production, with the major cash crops and food crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa; 3. To investigate the probable impacts of recent and predicted future climate change on different crops production; 4. To scrutinize different adaptive strategies in coping with the catastrophic conditions of environment and improving the total crops yield; 4. SIGNIFICANCE: Pakistan is an agricultural country; climate change impact on agricultural sector is a serious issue that demands immediate attention. This research study mainly focuses on the impact of climate change on agricultural sector of Pakistan such as untimely rainfalls and temperature variations that ultimately results in either prolonged droughts, unalarmed floods, increase in soil erosions and decrease in land productivity, which ultimately results in the migrations and desertification. The countrys socio-economic setup suffers the most that leads to a weak nation. The most recent impact of climate change was seen in July 2010, when floods destroyed thousands of villages all over Pakistan. The greatest hit among them was Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK). The core purpose of this research study is to analyze the temperature and precipitation effects on agricultural produce in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa. Major crops will be taken up in this regard, to analyze them in relation with temperature and precipitation from 1980 to 2010. Predictions of temperature and precipitation will help us adapt in the future with extreme cropping and harvesting seasons. Prevention can be done before disaster strikes to safeguard the interest of a poor farmer. 5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: This research study will strive towards finding answers to the following questions; 1. Is there any potential damage caused by climate change to Pakistans economy as a whole and agriculture sector in particular? 2. What are the impacts of 2010 floods on the production of major crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa? 3. Are there any adaptative strategies to climate change that can help rural communities strengthen their capacity to cope with disasters? 4. What should be the future land-management skills of farmers to climate change? 5. What measures should be taken in the future to diversify the livelihood of the poor farmers? 6. METHODOLOGY: The methodology to be adopted for this study will be as under; Major factors effecting climate change on agricultural sector are temperature and precipitation rates. According to the plant physiology literature, plant development is a linear positive function of temperature, within a range of temperature between minimum and maximum thresholds (Ritchie and Smith, 1991). Keeping this in mind, the econometric model used for analyzing the climate impact on agricultural sector will employ both maximum and minimum temperatures, which are positively related to crops yield. Moreover, precipitation rates effecting crops yields will be captured by the relevant econometric and mathematical equations. The data regarding the temperature and precipitation variables will be obtained from Pakistan Metrological Department. The data for the total yield of various crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) will be attained from the Pakistan Federal Bureau of Statistics. Climate change trend will also be observed by engaging different econometric and statistical techniques and procedures. The econometric model used in the research study will be analyzed with the help of econometric software; SPSS or SAS. The detailed analysis of the econometric models will be explained and conclusions will be drawn from it. The socioeconomic impacts on people as well as on the development of country will also be addressed. Future recommendations as well as the adaptive strategies for copping with extreme environment conditions will also be given. 7. PROVISIONAL CHAPTER STRUCTURE: The proposed chapter structure of the study will be as under; CHAPTER I; Agriculture sector and its importance to the economy of Pakistan. CHAPTER II; Climate change and its impact on Pakistan agricultural sector. CHAPTER III; Agricultural production in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa as affected by the change in climatic conditions; Review of the major crops over the last three decades. CHAPTER IV; Analysis and investigation of the major crops of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa with climate change factors, using Econometric techniques. CHAPTER V; Concluding the study; various adaptability and compatibility strategies in relation to climate change will be discussed. 8. LITERATURE REVIEW: Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures ultimately reduce yields of desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest production. Changes in precipitation patterns elevate the short-run crop malfunction and declines long-run productions . Although there will be an increase in some crops production in some regions of the world, the overall impacts of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, intimidating global food security. International Food Policy Research Institute (2009) conducted a study that concentrates on various agricultural sector issues in Asia and the Pacific. It presents indicators of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of agriculture sector in the region. Those indicators underline the vulnerability of the agriculture sector as a source of livelihood and food security for many people. This study also represents vast heterogeneity in farming systems across Central, East, Southeast, and South Asia and the Pacific Islands. It also highlights many other aspects of vulnerability to climate change across the region that includes undernourishment, poverty and slow productivity., all of which are aggravated by the effects of climate change. Neil Leary and Jyoti Kulkarni, (2007), work is based on a combination of case studies from different regions of the world. These studies have debated climate vulnerability to impacts from climate variation and change. The potential outcomes from exposure to climate hazards and climate change are identified as high-level concern in these studies.. It includes water scarcity that retards progress towards development goals, losses of entire ecosystems and their species, more frequent and greater loss of life in coastal zones, land degradation, food insecurity and famine, loss of livelihoods and increase in infectious disease epidemics. All of these are possible outcomes of exposure to climate hazards. It is a source of greater information as it has addressed climate change impacts on all fronts of life whether it is social, economic or political. Santiago Olmos (2001) provides an outline of adaptation issues, subject to climate vulnerability literature and climate discussions. This paper covers assessments of climate vulnerability in various regions of the world and developing countries in particular. The paper also discusses some of the existing resources that can be used to conduct climate vulnerability assessments and adaptation work. The current research work is unique in the sense that it will point out the impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector of Pakistan. More specifically, major areas of concern will be the climate impact on crops yields in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa over the last three decades. The direct and indirect social and economic impacts of climate change will also be analyzed in this study. Adaptive and preventive measures in copping with extreme climate conditions will also be given in this research study.

Cabin in the woods :: essays research papers

Being invited to a friend’s house the other day, I began to get excited about the journey through the woods to their cabin. The cabin, nestled back in the woods overlooking a pond, is something that you would dream about. There is a winding trail that takes you back in the woods were their cabin sits. The cabin sits on top of a mountain raised up above everything, as if it was sitting on the clouds. As I began to walk this trail, I began to recollect the days of when I was a kid playing in the woods, the birds chirping and the squirrels running free. The trees interlocking each other as if I am walking through a tunnel with the smell of fresh pine and a hint of oak all around me; a hint of sunshine every now and then is gleaming down on the beat path. This path is not like your ordinary path, it has been used quite some time, as if hundreds of soldiers have marched this very path. As I walk even farther down the winding trail, I can see the cabin in the distance. It appears as if the sun is only shining on the cabin itself. As I get closer, I get the redolence of home made apple pie. This is the exact moment that I forgot about everything else that existed and began to wonder, â€Å"Am I still on Earth?† I finally arrive at the cabin, in amazement; something this beautiful sits so far back in the woods. After admiring the cabins for several minutes, I walk up to the door and gave it a light knock. The door opens and to my surprise, a beautiful brown hair, blue eyed girl was there to greet me. Her hair glistens in the sun, like fresh silk. Staring into her magnificent blues eyes, reminded me of the ocean. Smiling as she told me to come in, I entered the cabin. As I walk into the cabin to my astonishment not only was their one beautiful brown hair, blue eyed girl but there are two, both girls appearance closely resembling the other’s. The second girl a little younger than the first but as beautiful, she is quieter but continues to smile, the kind of smile that melts your heart. I began to walk around the inside of the cabin and began to wonder if these two exquisite girls are here all by themselves.

Utah Symphony and Utah Opera: a Merger Proposal

Utah Symphony and Utah Opera: A Merger Proposal The Utah Symphony (USO) and the Utah Opera (UOC) Merger was a union that was brought forth by the leadership committee at the USO in Salt Lake City. The proposal was an opportunity to strengthen a struggling symphony with a financially sound opera company. Although mergers between opera and symphony companies in the United States had been successfully in the past, the merging of a two major companies had yet to materialize (Delong & Ager, 2005, p. 2). William Bailey, Chairman of the Board for the Utah Opera Company had motivation to move forward with the merger.Successfully combining the two companies the size of Utah’s Opera and Symphony Orchestra would be a first in the nation, and set precedence for others to follow. If the merger were successful, the proposed name of the new organization would be the Utah Symphony & Opera (USUO), and with its potential draw, it had the power to elevate the Opera to the national stage making i t a tier-one organization, affiliating it with other such powerhouses to the likes of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In comparison to other major operas, its viability to increase the current combined annual endowment 10 fold was a likely probability.The merger did not come without opposition. Carolyn Abravenal, widow to the longstanding maestro and music director to the USO publicly denounced the new company. Scott Parker, Chairman to the Utah Symphony is best suited to discuss the merger with Mrs. Abravenal to gain her support so that the symphony could achieve the true potential her husband had envisioned. Her husband had given 32 years of his life to the USO building it from a part-time ensemble to a world-class symphony (Delong & Ager, 2005, p. 4). Mrs.Abravenal’s main concern was that the symphony would take a back seat to the opera, conversely, it would lead in name with the new company, the Utah Symphony | Utah Opera. Parker might consider sharing with Mrs. Abravenal t hat the merger was actually his idea and that Anne Ewers was also his choice to take the company into the future. Through Ewers’ leadership, musicians could add variety to their repertoire, giving them access to a broader spectrum of performances. Performing with the Opera would allow for additional productions each year creating rotations for instrumentalists wanting to crossover and perform in oth genres. Combining the two styles could create a pop style opera that could potentially reach the younger demographic, once again increasing revenue. Although Ewers’ experience was primarily in opera, it is her positional power and knack for building fiscally sound companies that made her the easy choice to lead both companies. While the symphony struggled at fundraising, Ewers’ UOC annual budget grew 3X from her predecessor, mainly due to her corporate sponsorships that reached beyond the state of Utah (Delong & Ager, 2005, p. 3).One of Ewers’ first challenges was to get Keith Lockhart, Music Director for the USO onboard with her plan on how to merge the two entities. Lockhart’s concern was the proposed organizational chart that showed him reporting directly to Ewers rather than the Chairman as he had with the USO (Delong & Ager, 2005, p. 14). Ewers personal strengths allowed her to share her vision with Lockhart, however she was dependant on Lockhart’s leadership among the orchestra to help facilitate a smoother transition. The success of the USUO moving forward could only happen with the collaboration of the musicians.It was they who held strength in numbers, and without them the entire merger could collapse. If Lockhart failed to follow along with the proposed plan, Ewers faced an even greater obstacle, dissention amongst the majority of the company. Lockhart expressed concern that had the orchestra not believed in his leadership; they had the ability to render him ineffective as a conductor (Delong & Ager, 2005, p. 9). This exposed a window of opportunity for Ewers to sidestep Lockhart should she feel his efforts were counterproductive.Ewer could meet with the musicians without the presence of Lockhart and share with them that the symphony would not be taking a backseat to the opera, and it was the symphony they depended on for performances due to their year round schedule. The new direction could potentially allow for expansion of the symphony if they were to become the sole orchestra for the opera. This could allow for either growth in headcount, or increased pay from the additional productions. If they were successful in becoming a Group I orchestra, this would give them national exposure and perhaps advancement onto grander stages.This approach for power and affiliation might be the key to motivate. The final obstacle Ewers faced was overcoming the concerns of the opera trustees, full-time staff, along with the artists. What Ewers had in her favor was that the each entity in its own was net po sitive in their income statements for 2000-2001, and both were forecasting the same in 2001-2002 (Delong & Ager, 2005, p. 15). The symphony was operating without a CEO, which made it easy for the opera leadership to take step in and take charge.This would ensure a seat at the helm, and someone that could operate with the opera’s interest in mind. With the positional strengths of Ewer, she could exercise her marketing strategies for the symphony and tap her existing base to increase their annual contributions. If Ewers was successful in pulling all the departments together to support the merger, she will have demonstrated her strengths to overcome obstacles no other symphony and opera had been able to do in the history of our country. It was an opportunity to create precedence and pioneer a process for others to follow.Ewers would eventually complete this venture and lead the USUO for the next five years until her departure to the Kimmel Center for Performing Arts where she be came the President and CEO of Kimmel Center, Inc (Kimmel Center, Inc. 2010). References Delong, T. J & Ager, D. L (2005, August 8). Utah Symphony and Utah Opera: A Merger Proposal. Harvard Business Journal, 9-404-116, 1-16. Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2010). Organizational Behavior, 9th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Kimmel Center, Inc. (2010). Anne Ewers. Retrieved from http://www. kimmelcenter. org/about/anne. php

A Look Into the Field of Agriculture Essay - 2163 Words

History and Development Agriculture has been around for millenniums. It has been around since the beginning of time and has undergone significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. It was first thought of in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East and later spread to northern and southern China, Africa’s Sahel, New Guinea and several regions of the Americas. Agriculture practices such as irrigation, crop rotation, fertilizers, and pesticides have made great strides in the past century to meet the needs of farmers. (Wikipedia) Strawberries have a history that goes back over 2,200 years. Strawberries grew wild in Italy as long ago as 234 B.C. and were discovered in Virginia by the first Europeans while early†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Two major agencies were created to regulate trade among the agriculture industry. These included the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs and the North American Free Trade Agreement.† (Wikipedia) The developm ent of agriculture has gone to levels no one expected. It is very powerful and is needed to survive. Future Growth The future of agriculture and especially strawberry growing can be predicted in many different ways. It really depends on who you are and how you think of the economy. Many say that large agriculture businesses will die out while others say people will always need to eat and will be just fine. â€Å"There are over 52,000 jobs involving agriculture annually.† (Washington State University) Between 1950 and 2000, the aver- age amount of milk produced per cow increased from 5,314 pounds to 18,201 pounds per year, the average yield of corn rose from 39 bushels to 153 bushels per acre, and each farmer in 2000 produced on average 12 times as much farm output per hour worked as a farmer did in 1950. The development of new technology was a primary factor in these improvements. (ers.usda) The first view is the pessimist way of thinking the future will go. They say that because corporations are not producing an equal ratio of food to person, that the business will soon collapse. (Cal Poly) This will cause farming to be more local and not worldwide. With gasShow MoreRelatedRecruiting Strategically : Increasing Enrollment1284 Words   |  6 PagesBaker, Lauri M., et al. Recruiting strategically: increasing enrollment in academic programs of agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Education, vol. 54, no. 3, 2013, pp. 54-64. Academic OneFile, doi: 10.5032/jae.2013.03054 This article speaks about the gap that is present in the field for agriculture jobs, along with a survey about how to improve it. 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April985 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequences associated within the field. Genetic Engineering has shown to provide major benefits in the field of medicine and agriculture but is faced with extreme criticism and backlash, specifically on the basis of ethics. To understand the modern concept over field of the Genetic Engineering, one must note that, Genetic Engineering has been around since the early stages of human society. Most prominently is the domestication of plants and animals. Ranchers would look for favorable traits in livestock