Different Types of Cancer and Their Treatments Essay -- Cancer Health

Different Types of pubic louse and Their TreatmentsAll living things be made up of cells. They be the smallest things that are capable of basic life-they take in nutrients when needed, they put out waste and they reproduce. Cells divide (reproduce) at least once during their life, sometimes dozens of times. Organisms rely on this, this is how they grow or repair themselves when they are damaged. A normal body has around 30 trillion cells. Permanent gene mutations are what cause cells to malfunction. When this happens some(prenominal) times to the same cell it can become malignant. This can take many years in some cases. A cancerous cell reproduces at different rates, solely eventually they overcrowd the normal cells and turn into a tumor. There are two types of tumors, benign and malignant. A benign tumor does not spread to other parts of the body, it stays in one place. Benign tumors are not dangerous and do not need to be removed, but if you would like to have it removed for appearance purposes or if it is uncomfortable it can be surgically removed very easily. A malignant tumor is a tumor that can spread to other parts of the body which makes them very dangerous. There are many different kinds of cancer and they all react other than to different types of treatments. Cancer cells can break away from a tumor and spread to other parts of the body. They usually spread through the blood or lymph system of ruless. When this happens it is called metastasis. It doesnt matter where the cancer spreads to it is still named after the part of the body where it started. For example if the cancer started in the breast and then spread to the lymphatic system it is defined as metastastic breast cancer. A recurrence is when the cancer returns after someone has had treatments and appeared to be cancer free.Cancer can take years to get so it is usually a few things that contribute to it. Scientists are not exactly sure what causes cancer but there have been studies that show that some people are more prone than others to develop it. One million people in the get together States are diagnosed with cancer every year. In the United States 163 out of every 100,000 men develop cancer, and 110 out of every 100,000 women develop it.1 People of all ages develop cancer but it is more reciprocal in people 50 years old or older. Although we are not quite sure what causes cancer studies have... ...nt for lymphoma, because it so easily spreads throughout the body. sometimes radiation therapy is used after chemotherapy to help prevent relapses. Several recent discoveries have improved treatment for lymphoma. These include, antibody therapy, which monoclonal antibodies are used to destroy lymphoma cells without as much damage to the normal cells. There is also a vaccine therapy, which helps stimulate the patients immune system to help fight off lymphatic cancer. These treatments are still experimental and very expensive. In patients who have reoccurring lymph oma, higher doses of chemotherapy or radiation may be necessary in an attempt to kill the cancerous cells. These treatments also destroy the blood producing cells in the patients bone marrow. This sometimes requires a bone marrow transplant. NOTES1. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 20012. www.ucan.cc 3. Prostate Cancer write by David G. Bostwick M.D. Published by Villard Books in 1996. 4. Colorectal Cancer written by Bernard Levin M.D. Published by Villard Books in 1996 Call NF 616.995. Women and Cancer written by Carolyn D. Runowicz M.D. Published by Villard Books in 1999.

Colombia Essay -- Economics Colombia Government Essays

Colombia HistoryColombia was one of the three original countries along with Ecuador and Venezuela that emerged from the collapse of nanna Colombia in 1830. Over the last 40 years, there has been a campaign to overthrow the government partially because of the drug trades throughout Colombia. The movement does however deprivation support from military and support from the necessary influences. In recent years, there have been challenges for control of the territories throughout Colombia and also for the drug trade. EconomyThe economy continues to improve despite the last couple of years, by having an increased number of government budgets, increases number of efforts to reduce the public debt levels, and an export oriented growth focus. Some of the blackball aspects of the economic problems range from to changing the current pension system, reducing high unemployment and the need to fix the declining oil production. On the positive side, some of the changes being do are reducing t he public deficit which is now below 2.5%. Also, coffee prices were at an all time low and have begun to raise again. Colombia makes most of their money from exports, some exports are coffee, petroleum, iron, steel, fruits and drugs. DrugsThroughout the 1980s, Colombia earned the name as the major narcotic trafficking center. The countrys involvement with drugs did not stem in the 1980s, it started with the eldest colonization, which had grown and chewed coca for thousands of years...

House Of The Seven Gables :: essays research papers fc

The House of the Seven GablesThe sympathy or magnetism among human beingnesss is more acute and universalthan we think it exists, indeed, among different classes of organized life, and vibratesfrom one to another (Hawthorne 178). Loosely based on the events of Hawthornes ownlife, The House of the Seven Gables attempts to show the pang of descendants forcedto repent for the sins of their father, while they are unknowingly renewing the curse bynurturing the ancestral greed that has passed through the generations (O Connor 6) . Thus the conglomerate themes of the original reflect the central idea of continued sin through thegreed and guilt of a declining family.Each generation struggles to escape the sins of the past, only to be thrustforcefully back to face the offenses of their forefathers. The House of the Seven Gablesis a tale of loneliness and greed caused by the sin of preceding generations. The openingof the novel is set in puritan times during the Salem witch hunts. The vi llainous ColonelPyncheon wrongly accused the innocent Matthew Maule of witchcraft so that the Mauleland would fall into the Pyncheon familys hands. Upon his death, Maule addressedColonel Pyncheon from the scaffold, and uttered a prophecy...God will give him bloodto drink (Hawthorne 4-5) . The physical wrongdoing of Colonel Pyncheon againstMatthew Maule was avenged at the formers death, with the curse being fulfilled. However, the essence of the crime lived on through the generations. By chapter two, the focus of the novel has shifted to the modern generations ofthe Pyncheon family. The family has severely declined since the Colonels time, yet thecurse of greed is as impregnable as ever. The remains of the family consist of a decrepitspinster named Hepzibah, now the caretaker of the house of the seven gables her insanebrother Clifford, who was just recently released from prison their mephistophelian cousin JudgeJaffrey, a man fixated upon his own greed and their distant cousin Phoeb e, the sunnycountry girl that will be their redemption. Also, the last live descendant of theMaule lineage, the handsome Holgrave Maule, resides at the house. In a compilation by F.O. Matthiessen, it is stated that the main theme was not theoriginal curse on the house, save the curse that the Pyncheons have continued to bringupon themselves. It is not Maules death which needs avenging, but the anguish causedby the Pyncheon familys greed. Lust for wealth has held the Pyncheon in its inflexible

Eating Disorders And Personality Disorders :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesPatients twinge from eating disorders binge on food and sometimes are twain Anorectic and Bulimic. This is an impulsive behaviour as defined by the DSM (particularly in the grounds of BPD and to a lesser extent of Cluster B disorders in general). Some patients adopt these disorders as their way of self mutilating. We may be witnessing a converging of two criteria self-mutilation and an impulsive (rather, compulsive or ritualistic) behaviour.The key to improving the mental state of patients with dual diagnosis (a personality disorder plus an eating disorder) lies in concentrating upon their eating and sleeping disorders. In my view, these disorders are a blessing in disguise.It is very rarely, even in the lives of normal human beings, that they are faced with a veritable, identifiable enemy. By controlling their eating disorders, patients can assert con trol over their lives. This is bound to reduce their depression (even eliminate it altogether as a constant feature of their mental life). This is bound to ameliorate other facets of their personality disorders. Here is the chain controlling eating disorders=controlling my life=I am worthy, I have self-confidence, self esteem and self-worth=I have a challenge, an interest, an enemy to subjugate=I am strong=I can interact=I feel better (I am a success) etc.When a patient has a personality disorder and an eating disorder, I see no point in concentrating at first on anything but his eating disorder. Personality Disorders are intricate and intractable. They are rarely cured (though certain aspects, identical OCD, can be dealt with using medication). It calls for the enormous, persistent and continuous investment of resources of every kind by every one involved. This is not realistic. Also this is not a realistic threat. If a personality disorder is cured but the eating disorders are a ggravated, the patient might die (though mentally healthy) ...An eating disorder is both a signal of distress (I wish to die, I feel so bad, somebody help me) and a message "I think I bewildered control. I am very afraid of losing control. I will control my food intake and out-take. This way I control at least one aspect of my life".This is where we can and should begin to help the patient. Help him to regain control. The family or other supporting figures must think what they can do to let the patient feel that he is in control, that he manages things his own way, that he is contributing, has his own schedules, his own agenda, possesses both authority and responsibility.

Symbols and Symbolism in Long Days Journey into Night :: Long Days Journey into Night

Symbolism is used throughout ONeills Long solar days Journey into Night, a portrayal of the authors life. The three prominent symbols, the fog, the foghorn, and Marys glasses, represent the char practiceers isolation from reality. The symbols in Long twenty-four hour periods Journey into Night atomic number 18 used to substitute illusion for reality. Although Mary is the character directly associated with living in illusion, all characters in the fulfil try to hide from the truth in their own ways. At the beginning of the second act, ONeill notes a change in setting which has taken place since the happen opened. No sunlight comes into the room now and there is a faint haziness in the air. This haziness or fog obscures ones acquaintance of the world, and it parallels the attempts of each member of the family to obscure or hide reality. Tyrone, for example, drinks whiskey to escape his sons criticism of how cheap he is. The reference to fog evermore has a double meaning in this play, referring both to the atmosphere and to the family. Much of the activity carried on by the Tyrone family is under-handed and sneaky, they are always attempting to put something over on somebody and obscure the truth. This brings us to the second symbol, the foghorn. Mary says she loves the fog because it hides you from the world and the world from you, but she hates the foghorns because they warn you and call you back. This escape is similiar to the morphine she takes, and the foghorns are the familys warnings against her addictions. When they discuss the mother, Edmund resents Jamies hinting that she might have gone back to her old habit and Jamie is angry with Edmund for not staying with her all morning. Although they both think that she has started using heater again, they dont want to have to admit it. Because the men in the family all try so hard to deny the truth and to blame each other or the mother for her affliction, it appears that they all feel some guilt and some responsibility for what has happened to her , and to themselves. Even when confronted with the truth (that the mother is using drugs), they all still try to act as if everything were all right, to deny the reality and live in illusion. Marys glasses symbolize her inability to see things clearly. She frequently misplaces them, and really doesnt want to find them

Symbols and Symbolism in Long Days Journey into Night :: Long Days Journey into Night

Symbolism is used throughout ONeills Long Days journey into Night, a portrayal of the authors life. The three prominent symbols, the fog, the foghorn, and Marys glasses, represent the characters isolation from reality. The symbols in Long Days excursion into Night are used to substitute illusion for reality. Although Mary is the character directly associated with living in illusion, both characters in the play try to wrap up from the truth in their own ways. At the beginning of the second act, ONeill notes a change in setting which has taken place since the play opened. No temperateness comes into the room now and there is a faint haziness in the air. This haziness or fog smudges ones perception of the world, and it par tout ensembleels the attempts of each portion of the family to obscure or hide reality. Tyrone, for example, drinks whiskey to escape his sons criticism of how cheap he is. The reference to fog always has a three-fold meaning in this play, referring both to the atmosphere and to the family. Much of the activity carried on by the Tyrone family is under-handed and sneaky, they are always attempting to put something over on somebody and obscure the truth. This brings us to the second symbol, the foghorn. Mary says she loves the fog because it hides you from the world and the world from you, but she hates the foghorns because they warn you and call you back. This escape is similiar to the morphine she takes, and the foghorns are the familys warnings against her addictions. When they cover the mother, Edmund resents Jamies hinting that she might give up gone back to her old habit and Jamie is angry with Edmund for not staying with her all morning. Although they both think that she has started using dope again, they dont want to have to admit it. Because the men in the family all try so hard to deny the truth and to blame each other or the mother for her affliction, it appears that they all feel some guilt and some responsibility for what has happened to her , and to themselves. Even when confronted with the truth (that the mother is using drugs), they all still try to act as if everything were all right, to deny the reality and live in illusion. Marys glasses symbolize her inability to see things clearly. She frequently misplaces them, and really doesnt want to key out them

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during

The reigns of Justinian as the emperor of Byzantium during 527 to 565 BC and Romanus IV in 1068 to 1071 AD were two most important events in twisty. The former marked the stability and economic growth of the land and the former was known to start the end of the empire. Byzantine (Istanbul today), which was called as an extension of Roman Empire in eastern part, after it was captured and made it a province. Justinian known as Justinian the Great according to Alexander A.Vasiliev is the central figure of this entire period (1954, 132) for invading Italy, pacifying Africa and controlling Persia from invading the land through his faithful and able generals named Belisarius and Mundo (Treadgold, 1997, 207). Romanus IV on the other hand had a strategy that did not work for him. Romanus IV gathered large army in troops enough to defeat the enemy, yet he lost the participation for he lost control of them due to disloyalty of his men.Justinian seldom joined the army, while Romanus was at t he center of the battle. Justinian delivered direction and instruction to his trusted men, and Romanus IV if not misunderstood, was unexpended alone by his warriors to seek refuge (Bradbury, 2004, 176). The challenges in the reign of Justinian were the uprising of the people and uncontrollable circumstances that weakened his control the plagues and earthquakes that befell the land.Romanus IVs challenges were much severe since he reigned at the time when Byzantine never had any recur but to drive away the Seljuk Turks to contain the territory at the midst of unfaithful generals and warriors. Justinian was just fortunate to have a wife and Belisarius who advised and obeyed his command. Romanus IV had a different case instead because he was caught unready despite a well-organized plan he made to win the battle.His greatest challenge was not the number of enemy but the sphere of his influence as a leader to execute commands. Romanus had no lawful men and he was unaware of that besid es, the empire was surrounded by men with greedy ambition. Bibliography Bradbury, J. 2004. The Routledge Companion to chivalric Warfare. USA Routledge. Treadgold, W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. USA Stanford University Press. Vasiliev, A. 1954. History of the Byzantine Empire, 324-1453. USA University of Wisconsin Press.

Gender determination Essay

When an single is born, he or she has manly or egg-producing(prenominal) sexual organs and this determines the sex of that individual and consequently how the nightclub expects that person to represent. Gender is varied however, in that it transcends the simple biological explanation of why virtuoso is a boy and an opposite is a young woman. This paper will focus on what makes ane a girl putting aside the fact that one was born one. It will in any case look at the possibility of an individual being born a girl but changing to become a boy.How and why this is done is also part of the discussion. Gender is described as the soci in ally constructed roles, behavior, activities and attributes that a particular order considers appropriate for men and women (http//www. who. int). This means that to be masculine or feminine depends on a society and not only on the sexual organs that one is born with. Once an individual is born, the society teaches him or her how to behave accordin g to the expectations that specific society has for an individual belonging to his or her particular sex.Every society has some roles that argon designate to manly and feminine members of the society and this determines whether one is male or female. The question then becomes whether one is born with his or her grammatical gender or this is learned from the society that one grows in. In my own case, attending a girls school determined my becoming feminine and thus becoming a girl despite the fact that I was born a girl. In the school, only girls were around and thus were the only role models that I had. This meant that I only had other girls to emulate in my behaviour and my peers were also girls so together we all aspired to be better girls.The teachers we had were also keen on ensuring that we were trained on how girls should behave in certain occasions and also which aspects were to be admired in a girl and which were abhorrent in a female. This shows that one can be trained to become feminine or masculine but it is important to note that it is not always so. This can be demonstrated by the matter of girls who would get into trouble with the teachers for playing truant yet this was supposed to be an undesirable trait for girls and hence was dissuaded.These girls were given the same training as all their peers yet tended to behave differently causing one to question whether gender is completely determined by the society (Morrow 1991). Despite the question that is posed above, it is crystalise that girls who are educated in girls only schools are usually more feminine than those who attend mixed schools. This is because those in mixed schools are not controlled as much as those in girls only schools. The environment they are reared in leans more towards femininity and thus tends to discourage any behaviour that is seen to be masculine.The lack of an alternative form of behaviour leads to their feminine behaviour although some will try deviate by doing w hat they think others are doing elsewhere (Askew & Davey 2005). This then leads to the question whether or not one can change from being a girl into a boy? Apart from the biological way, subtlety has two different ways of changing an individuals gender. This can either be done by changing the culture one has been brought up in or by being brought up in an environment that emphasises the behaviour of the opposite sex (Watney 1994).Since gender is determined by the roles that a society assigns to each sex, ones gender can change depending on the culture one finds him or herself in at a particular time. Roles assigned to the sexes by different cultures differs and are interchanged whereby roles assigned to women in one culture may be assigned to men in another culture. In this way a male in one culture may be seen to be feminine in another thus changing a male into a female or vice versa. Another way that one can change ones gender is by rearing a girl in a male environment.The girl t ends to adopt the masculine behaviours exhibited by her male counter parts as has been witnessed by the women who venture into fields assumed to be the male domain. This is in politics and business where women who succeed in these environments are seen to be more masculine than feminine thus changing their gender to becoming more male than female (Miller, Lewy & Peckham1997). In conclusion, it is correct to say that an individuals gender is not only determined by his or her sex but also by the culture that they have grown in.the roles that a culture assigns to an individual are used to determine femininity and masculinity of members of the society. It is possible for ones gender to be changed depending on which community one is in. Roles assigned depending on an individuals sex change according to the society. Furthermore, the environment one is in influences the behaviour one has thus influencing the gender that one belongs to.Reference1. Askew J. & Davey M. 2005, Sex Acts Practice s of Femininity and Masculinity, Archives of Sexual Behaviour Vol. 34, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks 2. Gender, World health organization retrieved on thirteenth April 2009 from http//www. who. int/topics/gender/en 3. Miller J. B. , Lewy J. & Peckham E. 1997, Context Effects on Self-Perceptions of Feminine and Masculine Quantities, Sex A Journal of Research Vol. 37 4. Morrow F. 1991, Unleashing Our Unknown Selves An inquiry into the Future of Femininity and Masculinity, Praeger Publishers 5. Watney S. 1994, Aphrodite of the Future, Artforum International Vol. 32

How ICT can improve a business by speed and quality

In this project I am going to show how ICT can improve a business by recreate and quality. I am going to show this by using a Schools Sports daytime as an example.When using ICT to create a booklet for this Sports Day it is upward(a) the while taken to create it as it is much easier to make it by computer. If allows you to move pictures around so you can find the perfect position for them on the different pages. It overly allows you print off as many copies as you want, rather than photo replicaing e very(prenominal) page. It bequeath not take as much time because you can insert any piece of information and you bequeath be able to move things around to make everything be in its best position.For the Sports Day this year I will be creating an A5 programme. On the first page there will be the Schools Crest along with two photographs of the school. The day and participation of the event will also be on the first page. Two A4 sheets need to be produced and to be used as masters for the inside and remote of the programme.The come forthput this Sports Day Programme will take would be in an A5 booklet. On the middle pages there will be a call of tether events with the times. On the back page the will be a half- page advert of Helmcroft Hotel. A list of last years leger breakers will also be on that page. The information to be output would be the Schools Crest, photographs of the school, an advertisement of Helmcroft Hall and photographs of the new sports hall. The data needed to be output would be record breaking list and the events.The data that would be needed for the programme as an output atomic number 18 as follows* The events and times that they take place (excel).* Food cost during the day.* What time the actually starts and finishes.* Whos invited* The people who are running in the races.* Records of previous events.Testing is needed to make sure the data and the information is detailed, precise and peculiar(prenominal) on the document so that people can fully understand it thoroughly with ease. Although testing is not needed at this stage as you are only writing up information.Analysis for Task 2For this task I will be using different programs for the different forms. The categories, records list and the list of beverages and food (and prices) would be produced in outperform. The entrance cost would be produced in PowerPoint so it can be created with lots of colours. The price of drinks to make a advantage would be the information to be output. The data needed to produce the output would be the model on how many drinks are sold compared to the weather. I would akin the best price to result in a profit.Design Task 1The problem that has to be solved is how to arrange the front and back page of the brochure for the schools Sports Day, and the software that might be useful to achieve this. I shall use Microsoft Word to solve this problem. This is because the functions of the features available on Microsoft Word are req uirement for solving the problem.Firstly, to set about reaching the problem I will use the functions of Word to make titles and sub-titles bold, italic and using the appropriate typesetters case size. The power for this is so they will stand out, allowing the readers to see them more easily as they would be more clearer and more alluring. Secondly, I will use boxes around the text edition to make them stand out clearer. The text boxes will also allow me to import, position and resize graphics a lot more easily. The boxes and their borders would have brilliant colours to make the programme less dull. Word also allows graphics (e.g. the Helmcroft Hall advert) to be kept in the same proportions. These graphics are very easy to import using drag and drop.Design Task 2For Design 1 of the spreadsheet I have shown the basic layout of the* Fixed Incomes* Fixed Expenditures* cost of drinks to buy* Costs of drinks to sellMy rule also shows a different layout to what I will be using to d isplay the various weather conditions. For this design I have only shown COLD and COOL conditions, as the rest will follow in my own design.For my own design of the spreadsheet I will produce the spreadsheet in a horizontal way rather than the original design, provided by the teacher, which was shown vertically. To fit the whole spreadsheet I will make use Arial 10pt font for the main text, the main headline will be Comic Sans MS 18pt font. The sub headlines will be different fonts, two will be Showcard gothic 14pt font and the others will be Tempus Sans ITC 12pt font. The total headings are produced in bold Arial Narrow 10pt font. The cells with the results of the formulae are formatted to be shown as currency. I varied the widths of the columns to allow the text to fit perfectly in some parts I merged the cells. The formulae I used were simple, only addition and multiplication sums being used.For the spreadsheets I will produce I will use Microsoft Excel. The following table outl ines the software features needed to produce my Price Pledge Model, and for each feature, the suitability of Excel has been examined. Excel has a simple-to-use replicate feature. I can select a cell (that contains text, a number or formulae), highlight a section to the right and copy the contents of the original cell into those selected to the right. It will automatically change the letter for the column being used as its replicated across. Excel can carry out simple calculations.

My Favourite Lecturer

Each lecturer has its own style, techniques and strategy to the lesson. Also different students choose different types of lecturers and as the saying is there is no disputing about tastes. However it is obvious that lecturer who uses right techniques of teaching will be popular with absolute majority of students and vice versa also true. Every person during his life was in a huge number of lectures, starting from school lessons and ending with scientific seminars. Some of them wanton away bright impression and a person will ring them for a long time. I am not exception and I have my trump out-loved lecturers.One of them is Mister X. He was taught me physics only during 9th grade that I still remember how enthusiastically attended his lectures. I never liked physics in front his lectures, because I didnt like a lot of formulas which you should remember and I think that using only them you can solve the problems. Lectures were also boring. Monotonous role of teacher and a lot o f raw facts about some topic were only things which I got at the end of each lectures. Mister X was my teacher but topic of this essay is My favorite lecturer and unfortunately I will not write about his practical lessons.As I wrote in previous divide I presented physics as the science about naked facts and formulas. But from Mister Xs lectures I started understand origins of those things and from that point they didnt seems to me like naked facts or formulas. I understand that everything complex in physics based on fundamental simple phenomena. After his lectures I havent to remember formulas I can derive them by myself. It was wonderful for me because I never like remember and I started to think that remembering without understanding bases of something is not best way to gain new knowledge.Yes, it takes less time than looking inside of something, but also you remember them only for short period of time. Second variety of his lectures was way of explaining lectures. It was not mo notonous voice, carefully written formulas in blackboard or synopsis from book. He distinctly highlights key points, gives examples from real life and visualizes a lot of things. His pictured cars were different in every lecture. He can draw a little car, write Zhiguli at the bottom and say teacher from school drives car with velocity 50km/h.Next he can draw a big car, write Ferrari and say Son of some office-holder drives Ferrari with velocity 120km/h and gave information about physical problem itself. It was very funny for class and immediately attracts attention of all students. I described only some of his techniques employ during lectures. He had full arsenal techniques and he can easily create a great aviation in the classroom. Of course I cannot convey atmosphere of the lesson here, but believe me it was fascinating and memorable.

Formal System to Control the Flow of Materials

Case Study Big D Company TASK 1 1. 1 In order to advise the concern on the inst allation of a more formal establishment to control the flow of materials and goods from supplier through stores and product to dispatch we must first summarize the current problem aras confronted by the Big D. Problem areas in Big D Company are presented in the order shown in the paragraph o On the highly commonplace material sizes, more than enough for one order might be purchased and in most expressions full lengths would be ordered rather than the exact fraction needed. Some of the ordered exceeds the immediate requirements resulting in the acquire of the same material without positive the available rip. o Molded plastics were some(a)times bought in excess of immediate needs and the quantities shown on the bill of materials were note amended. o Materials brought in from the supplier were not crossed checked with the Big D records and taken directly to the takings or assembly. o Shop works were not scheduled and machines were idle and the gaffer worked on any order. o No formal acquire system Completed jobs were not recorded and sometimes units were assembled in advance of the completion of the complete lot. o The sales and takings records indicated frequent early deliveries or o Quite a few times completed orders were kept in terminal room which ca apply disordered orders. o The superintendent usually spareed himself more time than was necessary for ordering, machining and assembly. Again this caused loss of order. o The company had not formal history control system. o Not records were kept of raw materials. o An Informal tabulation of end goods was used. o Job were frequently sold even earlier completion A second lots were started before the first was finished, o No formal ware planning and inventory control activity. The Proposed for Appropriate building for the Purchasing Function Purchasing department is considered the backbone of any organization. One role of the get department is to procure all necessary materials needed for production or daily operation of the company. For a manufacturing company, this might complicate raw materials much(prenominal) as iron, steel, aluminum or plastics, but it also might include musical instruments, machinery, delivery trucks or even the office supplies needed for the secretaries and sales team up.The purchasing department also makes sure there is always sufficient product on the shelves to keep the customers happy and keep the store well-stocked. It is especially serious to keep inventory ordering at a reasonable aim investing full-grown amounts of capital in excess stock could result in storage problems and in a shortage of capital for other expenditures such as denote or query and cultivation. Purchasing also oversees all of the vendors that tot a company with the full points it needs to operate properly. Couple of conclusions was made after studying the problems far-fame d above.First, it is quite clear that a formal structure must be put in place. Secondly, a formal inventory control system & production planning must be familiarised. Having these in place, the company will avoid losing orders and in time will solve all the above problems. It is proposed here that the purchasing bleed to be structured in a CENTRALIZED way. Centralized purchasing structures are characterized by all purchases, being coiffured by a rudimentary purchasing group. In this approach, the operating units are consulted but are not fully responsible for their own buying.Centralized purchasing stomachs the firm with a single, collective sourcing and buying power. This model captures a large part of the potential corporate purchasing synergies, but there is little user control and responsiveness to local needs. The primeval advantage of centralized purchasing is to realize a favorable price due to accumulated volumes. With centralized purchasing, the actual ordering impac t is centralized. The purchasing function will be organized by the superintendent in a manner intended to serve meet the purchasing goals of the board.The purchasing function includes the pursuance responsibilities making purchases for all departments in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, including, board policy, the superintendents directives, good purchasing practices and ethical principles establishing and enforcing a system for approving the bill for purchases and for receiving all materials Establishing a practical degree of standardization of equipment, supplies and materials with sufficient flexibility to meet unique needs of the company Purchasing ProcessThere are many reasons why a formal go must be followed including the prevention of fraud, price saving, compliance with regulations, management of risk and control. Approved Suppliers Approval Process and Segregation of Responsibilities scrutinize Trail Accounting Automation Purchasing Process Flowcha rt pic There is sometimes a signifi stomacht amount of effort required to ensure that a supplier is appropriate for a particular category of goods or services. They should be able to impart goods and services that meet requirements of quality and fit for purpose.They should be received financially sound and not present a commercial or reputation risk and their prices should be competitive. It makes no sense to perform the relevant research on a supplier each time goods or services are required. By developing preferred suppliers, longer term sustainable relationships nooky be developed that deliver a better value for money. Approval Process and Segregation of Responsibilities The principles of approval and separatism of responsibilities provides an organization with a control to load the risk of fraud.The requirement for the approval of a purchase requisition prevents inappropriate purchases being made and the separation of responsibilities to unconnected split of the buying org anization helps to squeeze the risk of collusion. Audit Trail A formal purchasing process that records a predefined set of processes allows the path of events to be examined retrospectively to identify errors or meditate breaches of policy. Accounting The organization has a legal responsibility to account for their finances including for the goods and services that they procure.It is important therefore that proper records are maintained e. g. to record dates, prices and department details as well as to categorize goods and services appropriately to distinguish between capital goods and expenses for example. This dirty dog provoke a crucial expression on how the finances of the organization are described which in turn bear claim a tax and profitability impact. Automation A standard process allows for automation and the use of technology which reduces the cost of the process. 1. 2 A Purchasing system is defined in investopedia as a method used by the organization to buy produc ts and/or services.A purchasing system manages the entire acquisition process, from requisition, to purchase order, to product receipt, to payment. Purchasing systems are a key fortune of effective inventory management in that they monitor existing stock and help companies date what to buy, how much to buy and when to buy it. A popular purchasing system is establish on economic order quantity models. Purchasing systems makes the purchasing process more efficient and helps the organization reduce supply costs.Computerized purchasing systems can cut companies administrative costs, shorten the length of the purchase cycle and reduce human error, thereby minimizing shortages. They can also simplify order track and make it easier to manage purchasing budgets by quickly creating expenditure reports. Ways to improve Purchasing system 1. Make past- exertion evaluations more meaningful. As long as neither outstanding nor mediocre performance is significantly differentiated, past-performan ce reports will not provide a meaningful incentive for anyone.For large supplies, baffle in interviewers accomplished in eliciting differentiated information to guide evaluators through report cards. 2. Reward suppliers for recommending cost-saving ideas. Before issuing a request for proposals, give potential bidders an opportunity to invoke requirements changes that would result in big cost savings with little performance penalty. 4. Use contests as a procural technique. 5. Make successful supply management experience a promotion criterion for staff.Purchasing System could also be improved through performance management and benchmarking. Performance measurement is a tool to help managers control the outcomes of their organizations. It enables them to be the driver rather than a passenger on their organizational journey. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT At the strategic level, we use a three-stage top down approach, which takes into account the conflicting interests of different groups of stakeholder. Key performance areas covering the whole spectrum of stakeholder requirements are defined.Elements to measure in each of the key performance areas are identified. One or more performance indicators for each element to measure are considered. The following diagram summarises the approach pic The performance measurement system should be Complete The set of performance indicators should measure whether all stakeholder requirements are being met. Each indicator should be operationally and economically feasible to measure. conformable All major actions that can be taken by an organisation should affect an indicator and hence be subject to measurement.Effective Each indicator should be a measure of current performance that is amenable to management action to change its value in the future. The set of indicators should encourage the necessary behaviour to bring about significant and continuous improvement for all stakeholders. Transparent Whenever possible, indicators s hould be developed to allow comparisons to be made and benchmarking to be undertaken. As summarized blow, the set-up and continuous improvement of the management system resides in Plan, Check and Act. pic 1. 3 Staff Responsible for goods & services and their respective roles At present only the following staffs have either direct or indirect responsibility for goods Staff Member Roles Purchasing Manager Purchase of materials. Obtain casting, materials and parts indicated. Foreman Work on manufacturing orders. Keep staff & machines busy. Also responsible to meet the estimated completion dates. Check off each part of the quantity overseer Ordering material, machining and assembly of goods. Superintendents Secretary Updates the traffic function Superintendents employees Receiving & warehousing materials Based on the proposed structure, the following is the recommended procurement function Position Responsibilities Procurement film director Major duties include oversight of a ll procurement functions. Senior Procurement Analyst Responsible for contributing to and continually improving an efficient and cost-effective process designed to assist Institution staff in their procurement of goods and services through an integrated procurement process of Accounts Payable, Purchasing and Receiving, in compliance with institutional policies and government regulations.As a contributing constituent of the Procurement Team, is committed to the common purpose, performance goals and approach for which team members hold themselves mutually accountable. Performance evaluation is based on a combination of team success and individual accomplishment. Senior Administrative Assistant II Responsible for general office management, Procurement help desk, training presentations, processing major bid documents, maintainingaudited accountable records of procurement files, data input into ERP system for Payables activity Procurement Systems Assistant Respons ible for invoices related to purchase orders, stock room orders and sub-contracts and non-po related invoices. Procurement Systems Coordinator The Coordinator handles and coordinates all aspects of the Procurement System/Process ensures system integrity, process assurance, analysis/testing and continuous operations. Serves as Supervisor for the payables team and payables processing for the institution. The Position has an interest in owning and improving current administrative systems necessary to the success of the organization. Procurement Representative Responsible for purchasing and payable of all items and Contract for services . Responsible for purchasing and payable of all items. Senior Procurement Representative Responsible for assisting the Operations group in developing procurement specifications, selecting supplier markets, maintaining appropriate business relationships with the Institutions vendor base and processing procurement documentation includi ng bids, Purchase Orders and Accounts Payable certificates. Additionally, will also assistin all major contract development and will act as the Procurement staff supervisor in the absence of the Director. Reimbursement Facilitator I Shared responsibility for the audit & data entry of all Request for Payments. Assistant Coordinator Assists in ordering and stockroom operations. Stockroom Coordinator Manages stockroom operations. 1. 4 Supply chain management (SCM) is implicated with the flow of products and information between supply chain members organizations.Recent development in technologies enables the organization to avail information easily in their premises. These technologies are helpful to coordinates the activities to manage the supply chain. The cost of information is decreased due to the increasing rate of technologies. In the integrated supply chain model as shown below bi-directional arrow reflect the accommodation of reverse materials and information feedback f lows. Manager needs to understand that information technology is more than just computers. Except computer data cite equipment, intercourse technologies, factory automation and other hardware and services are included. picThe importance of information in an integrated supply chain management purlieu IT infrastructure capabilities provides a competitive positioning of business initiatives like cycle time reduction, implementation, implementing redesigned cross-functional processes. 1. Satisfying customer has become something of a corporate obsession. Serving the customer in the dress hat, most efficient and effective manner has become critical. 2. Information is a crucial factor in the managers abilities to reduce inventory and human election requirement to a competitive level. Information flows plays a crucial role in strategic planning. Supply chain organizational dynamicsBig D participating in supply chain management initiatives accept a specific role to perform. It also shar es the joint belief that it and all other supply chain participants will be better off because of this collaborative effort. Power within the supply chain is a central issue. It has been identified that there are five basic levels of participation of individual firms with in the interorganizational system. 1. Remote Input/Output mode In this campaign the member participates from a remote view within the application system supported by one or more higher-level participants. 2. Application processing node In this case a member develops and shares a single application such as an inventory query or order processing system. 3.Multi participant exchange node In this case the member develops and shares a mesh interlinking itself and any number of lower level participants with whom it has an established business relationship. 4. Network control node In this case the member develops and shares a network with diverse application that may be used by many different types of lower level part icipants. 5. Integrating network node In this case the member literally becomes a data communications/data processing utility that integrates any number of lower level participants and applications in real times. Information and Technology Application of SCM In the development and maintenance of Supply chains information systems both software and hardware must be addressed. Hardware includes computers input/output devices and storage media.Software includes the entire system and application programme used for processing transactions management control, decision-making and strategic planning. Recent development in Supply chain management software is 1. A software programme which is useful for computing freight costs, compares transportation mode rates, analyse cost and service effectiveness of carrier. 2. A Supply Chain planning software programme which is used for demand forecasting, replenishment & manufacturing tools for accurate planning and scheduling of activities. 3. A softwar e system called Transportation Network can be used for optimization and streamlining the bidding and award process. . There is a software programme to provide a programme capable managing the entire supply chain. Electronic Data Interchange Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in a standard format. EDI describe both the capability and practice of communicating information between two organizations electronically instead of traditional form of mail, courier, & fax. The benefits of EDI are 1. prompt process to information. 2. Better customer service. 3. Reduced paper work. 4. Increased productivity. 5. Improved tracing and expediting. 6. Cost efficiency. 7. Competitive advantage. 8. Improved billing.Though the use of EDI supply chain partners can overcome the distortions and exaggeration in supply and demand information by improving technologies to facilitate real time sharing of actual demand and supply information. Data war ehouse Data warehouse is a consolidated database maintained separately from an organizations production system database. Big D can used a multiple databases. A data warehouse is organized around informational subjects rather than specific business processes. Data held in data warehouses are time dependent, diachronic data may also be aggregated. Communication Improvement Information technology can improve the flow of communication within the workplace. Electronic communication methods used in the workplace include email, voicemail, videoconferences, online newsletters, instant messages and the Intranet.The Intranet, a company exclusive website, can be a great way for you, as a manager, to obtain feedback from your workers. Task 2 2. 1 The negotiation process has become a more important element in the supply chain process as companies look to reduce their expenditure whilst increasing their purchasing power. This means that purchasing manager must negotiate increasingly better rates with suppliers whilst maintaining or increasing quality and service. So Far Big D has been on the losing of this exercise. In other words, Big D has been paying more than it should have and it goes without aspect that the quality and services have been going south as well.Purchasing manager should enter all negotiations with clearly defined objective lenss. Without having objectives, the possibility for the purchasing manager to via media price and the quality or service is significantly raised. The Purchasing manager should enter strong into discussions to negotiate with the vendor with precise objectives that they wish to achieve for their company. The objective should not be absolute and should allow for some flexibility. However, the manager should also ensure that they do not deviate from the objectives and allow themselves to negotiate on areas that were not part of the discussion. Negotiation is an important part of the role of the purchasing Manager.It is a skill that is learnt and training can help purchasing staff in accord what is needed when negotiating with vendors. 2. 2 Big Ds distribution channels is in complete mess and need a face-lift. Without distribution even the best product or service fails. It is believed that Big D must undergo two levels 1) To organise communication, which was discussed earlier and 2) To organise exchange through distribution. Distribution is important because A. it affects sales if its not available it cant be sold. Most customers wont wait. As its the case in Big D B. distribution affects profits and competitiveness since it can contribute up to 50% of the final selling price of some goods.This affects cost competitiveness as well as profits since margins are squeezed by distribution costs C. delivery is seen as part of the product influencing customer satisfaction. Distribution and its associated customer service play a big part in relationship merchandise. Decisions about physical distribution are key strate gic decisions. Channels change throughout a products life cycle. Changing lifestyles, aspirations and expectations along with the IT outburst offer new opportunities of using distribution to create a competitive edge. Controlling the flow of products and services from producer to customer requires careful consideration. It can determine success or failure in the market place.Decisions about levels of stock, minimum order quantities, delivery methods, delivery frequency and warehouse locations have major cash in flow implications as well as customer satisfaction implications. Distribution Strategy Distribution strategy is influenced by the market structure, the firms objectives, its resources and of course its overall marketing strategy. a) The first strategic decision proposed here is that the distribution is to be Intensive and mass distribution into all outlets for all the small simple fittings. In addition, pocket restricted distribution for all the large flow meters weighting upto 70 KG. b) The next strategic decision clarifies the number of levels within a channel such as agents, distributors, wholesalers, retailers. In some Japanese markets there are many, many intermediaries involved. pic 3.The current situation in Big Ds in impairment of security of goods is not quite what it ought to be in company with years of operations. A lot of security issues exist. Sales had been lost to competitors and other sales had been lost due to setting estimate. No company had no formal inventory control system, hence, no records was kept of raw materials, purchased parts or manufactured parts on hand. There were no records kept on accumulated parts and even worst, the parts were stored in bins in the assembly department. The following are some recommendation on Production & Operation of Stocks and ways to reduce loss and theft of goods There are three types of stock that a business can hold Stocks of raw materials (inputs brought from suppliers waiting to be used in the production process) Work in progress (incomplete products still in the process of being made) Stocks of finished products (finished goods of acceptable quality waiting to be sold to customers) The aim of stock control is to minimise the cost of holding these stocks whilst ensuring that there are enough materials for production to continue and be able to meet customer demand. The marketing department should be able to provide sales forecasts for the coming weeks or months and so allow stock control managers to judge the type, quantity and timing of stocks needed.It is the purchasing departments responsibility to order the decry quantity and quality of these inputs, at a competitive price and from a reliable supplier who will deliver on time. As it is difficult to ensure that a business has exactly the correct amount of stock at any one time, Big D should hold buffer or safe stock. Big D must introduce effectiveness and efficiency as essential factors in internal control in th e management of its operation. Inventory management Big D will have an inventory clerk assigned to the requisition and/or the distribution of items. It could add inventory management to the job description of one of the workers.As the theft of any item is a loss to any company, managers must implement inventory procedures that ensure the smooth requisition and dissemination of items while ensuring that items are accounted for. Separation of accounts payable and due Avoid theft and fraud by one or more employees by separating the accounts payable and receivable duties. Its best if Big D introduces segregation of duties in the Accounting Dept. and the management must continuously monitor the accounting records. Big D must ensure that internal control is deep in its organization. Employees may steal for different reasons but good internal control measures should reduce theft.Big D can implement inventory management systems, to reduce the likelihood of employee theft. REFERENCES Supply Chain Management Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Second strain by Sunil Chopra and Peter Meindl (May 1, 2003) Purchasing and Supply Chain Management by Robert M. Monczka, Robert B. Handfield, Larry C. Giunipero and James L. Patterson (Mar 8, 2011) 5th Edition South-Western College/West 5 edition (March 8, 2011) ISBN-13 978-0538476423 Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Analysis, Strategy, Planning and Practice by A. J. van Weele (Dec 9, 2009) Case Study Big D Company Purchasing (BUS441/20762P) Prepared by Mohammed 13th May 2012

Acceptable Use Policy

Acceptable Use Policy Artiesha Artis CIS 462 Security Strategies and Policy Professor Darrell Nerove October 20, 2012 Working in many different arenas period pursuing my degree in Com delegateer Security has opened my eyes to many things, one thing that I have sight is that some companies felt that they were immune to data breaches. I have worked in smaller organizations that just didnt have the knowledge to protect their network against trade protection breaches.One inexpensive and very productive way to counteract lack of resources or know how is with an Acceptable custom police. An acceptable use form _or_ system of government is not put in place to snoop on individuals rather than to protect the businesses assets. The AUP (acceptable use policy) that I want to focus on is one that governs internet customs duty. Acceptable use policy regarding internet usage normally intromits information about websites that are off limits as puff up as defining a scope for what sites are allowed to be accessed for personal surfing.Most AUPs are put in place to protect the companys employees, exposeners and the company itself from any illegal or change actions by individuals knowingly or unknowingly. Confidentiality, integrity and availability are the founding stables of insuring that information is secure. An acceptable use policy enforces confidentiality, integrity and availability by limit access and disclosure to authorized users the right people and preventing access or disclosure to unauthorized ones the wrong people. , as well as requiring employees to authenticate themselves in order to control access to data system resources and in turn hold employees responsible if violations occur under their user id. The company that I before long work for has an acceptable use policy it purposes is to highlight an outline the acceptable use of the computer equipment and systems that we are granted access to. It is always stated passim all the acceptable use poli cies I have seen that users must be aware that data created on corporate systems are property of the company.Employees are to model sound judgment regarding personal usage of computer systems. To be quite honest the AUP at my on-going organization is very straight forward and what I consider to be week. It is literally a blurb in the handbook that states that the internet systems are for business purposes only, and that the company observes the right to monitor the usage of the software product system. I can only think of a few reasons why the AUP at my organization is so brief.I work in the healthcare industry and because we deal with a lot of member information we are more concerned with HIPPA violations. In conjunction with HIPPA we also focus on making sure we remain in compliance with the HITECH act. Since thither are other rules that we become preoccupied with the focus is no longer place on the AUP at my job. You will notice although there is no strict regards to an AUP at my place of employment there are filters and blocks in place so that certain websites are not able to be accessed.I have a few ideas on how I would implement a better AUP at my place of employment. I would first conduct a current policy review. By performing an audit of my current internet usage policy I would compare it with what I want my new policy to be. fetching into careful consideration the degree of policy enforcement required. Next I would want to gain visibility of your network traffic. Using a Web traffic sagacity tool, such as a proxy appliance, to identify and monitor Internet traffic and to identify specific areas or groups that are engaging in strange or excessive Web use.This would allow me to analyze how much time users and user groups spend on the Internet during an average workday and what policies may ask to be implemented. I would then concentrate on working collaboratively with all departments to enforce my end goal concentrating on the departments that ha ve a bearing on the companywide Internet use policy, especially human resources and IT ensuring that there are no mismatches between the policies established and the ability of the network infrastructure to support them.After all this is whole then we would need to test my new policy by conducting an exercise with key users when the policy is at a draft stage. This will ensure that the policy is both practical in terms of achieving its objectives and sufficiently flexible to accommodate change or emergency situations. Then I would create a propose for announcing the new Internet usage policy throughout the organization to ensure that employee communication is well managed, the policy is understood and the restrictions imposed are fully justified.This would include denying access to Internet resources until users agree to accept the new policy. I would then ensure monitoring employee use is automated through Web monitoring software. I smack it would be a waste of human resources t o assign a person or team to monitor the Internet activities of all company employees as a supervisor I know that there is just no time for looking over someones shoulder. Web monitoring software would provide efficient and comprehensive reports and data can be accessed within minutes.Stricter automation would allow management to set boundaries for site browsing, prevent downloading and installing of software and has multiple scanning engines to ensure that allowed downloads are free of viruses and other malware. By controlling downloads and browsing in real-time, the network is protected from malware. There is also the measure of data leakage through socially-engineered websites and it also helps reduce cyber-slacking, thus boosting employee and business productivity.In order to increase awareness of the importance of AUP and the need for them I would hold ceremonial companywide training. I would also have quarterly reviews on what to do if. I have always believed that the only wa y for end users to truly embrace and encounter the importance of any new policy or procedure implemented is to make them part of it, so during training I would ask for suggestions on how the employees feel they could make things smoother or easier and I would advise them to keep an eye out for violations.Having individuals keep an eye out on violations is the more challenging part of it all because no one wants to be a snitch but in order for any policy or procedure to work well to its fullest all wheels have to turn in the same direction. Of course the responsibility of reporting violations wont be solely on staff because I would want monitoring in place to assist with that.AUPs are put in place to protect a companys data assets and confidential information while also safeguarding employees and maintaining standards concerning the use of the Internet during working hours. Implementing Web monitoring software is an investment in security and could prevent employees from cyber-slack ing or abusing the companys trust with work-related information. By implementing and enforcing a solid AUP and providing ongoing, end-user education and training, a company can minimize risk, allowing them to focus on growing their business ather than the need to repair it. ? References Gaskin, J. E. (1998). Internet acceptable usage policies. Information Systems Management, 15(2), 20 Johnson , R. , Merkow, M. (2011). Security Policies and Implementation Issues. Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett. Palgi, R. D. (1996). Rules of the Road Why You Need an Acceptable Use Policy. School Library Journal, 42(8), 32-33. Siau, K. , Nah, F. , & Teng, L. (2002). ACCEPTABLE INTERNET using up POLICY. Communications of the ACM, 45(1), 75-79.

Organizational structure of international Dairy Queen Essay

internationalistic dairy pantywaist is a subsidiary of William Buffetts Berkshire Hathaway Group. Charles Chuck Mooty is the President and CEO. Charles Chapman is COO while James S. Simpson is CFO, Treasurer and Controller (Hoovers Inc. 2007). check to President and CEO, Charles Mooty, the main asset of the ships company is people being a service company. Moreover, the company has franchisees and should be assisted to maintain growth (Jossi 2001). Dairy Queen was to begin with run as a family participation until shareholders decided to sell to Berkshire Hathaway. Mootys strategy includes the development of people, brand and presence (Jossi 2001).Recent lawsuits filed by franchisees against the induce company had caused too much rift in between the company and the franchisees. Mooty aimed to put the past can and rebuild the relationship with the franchisees so that IDQ and the franchisees operate as a singular system (Jossi 2001). To revitalize the market, DQ as well as intro duced another concept restaurant, the DQ Grill and Chill. It is a more pricey dining experience that would cost a customer on the average at $6 USD per head. According to Wolkowitz (2005), there are 51 restaurants, cardinal of which are company owned while the rest belonged to franchisees.Jawad Business Group owns and operates the DQ Grill and Chill in Bahrain. The organization structure of International Dairy Queen could be illustrated in the diagram below. Since International Dairy Queen (IDQ) is a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, the management team of IDQ is under the auspices of the mother company. Figure 1 Organization Structure of International Dairy Queen IDQ has the traditional top-down organization where the mother company determined its management and the conduct of business (Berkshire Hathaway). Berkshire Hathaway has accountability to its shareholders.The structure is perceived as such because it was the shareholders who originally approved the sale of Dairy Queen to Berkshire. Therefore, any decision by the management should have the boon of the shareholders before it can proceed. If Dairy Queens original owners did not sell their shares to Berkshire, DQ would still watch a family-run corporation.Bibliography A Story of Sweet Success n. d. Online in stock(predicate) at http//www. dairyqueen. com/en-US/About+Dairy+Queen/Corporate/History/default. htm Accessed 20 July 2007 AgExporter. 1996. Arabian Gulf Hot Markets for US Foods Online Available at http//www. allbusiness.com/agriculture-forestry-fishing-hunting/557170-1. hypertext mark-up language Accessed 21 July 2007 Badawy, M. K. 1980. Styles Of Mideastern Managers. California Management Review . limit 1980 pile 22, Issue 3 51-58. Bahrain This Month. 2007. Eating off Online Available at http//www. bahrainthismonth. com/restaurants/cuisine. fastfood. php Accessed 22 July 2007 Garber, A. 2004. Quick-serve Concepts Upscale Image, Elevate Prices. Nations Restaurant News hoi polloi 38, no. 181-4. Ford, C. W. , Nonis, S. A. and Hudson, G. I. 2005. A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Value Systems and Consumer Ethics. Cross Cultural Management Volume 12, Issue 4 36-50.Hill, C. W. L. , & Jones, G. R. 2004, Strategic Management Theory An Integrated Approach 6th ed. , Boston Houghton Mifflin Hoffman, K. 2005. reason Thru Gourmet / New Blizzard Flavors May Leave Competitors Quaking in Their Boots, Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas 10 Hoovers Inc. 2007. International Dairy Queen, Inc. Overview. Online Available at http//www. hoovers. com/dairy-queen/ID__13811/free-co-factsheet. xhtml? cm_ven=PAID&cm_cat=INK&cm_pla=CO1&cm_ite=dairy-queen Accessed 21 July 2007 Jossi, F. 2001. A Royal Challenge OnlineAvailable at http//www. qsrmagazine. com/issue/interview/chuckmooty.phtml Accessed 21 July 2007 Kavoossi, M. 2000 The Globalization of Business and the Middle East Opportunities and Constraints. Westport, CT. Quorum Books. March Into move as DQ Goes Green, n. d. Online Available at ht tp//www. dairyqueen. com/en-US/About+Dairy+Queen/Corporate/Press+Releases/March+Into+Spring+as+DQ%C2%AE+Goes+Green. htm Accessed 20 July 2007 Porters Diamonds of National Advantage 2007 Online Available at http//www. quickmba. com/strategy/ global/diamond/ Accessed 21 July 2007 Toffler, A. 1990. Powershift Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century.Bantam. New York. US conflicting moneymaking(prenominal) Services and US Department of State 2004. Doing Business In Bahrain A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies Online Available at http//www. export. gov/middleeast/country_information/CCG/Bahrain/Doing%20Business%20in%20Bahrain%20FY%202005%20(CCG)%20-%20Final. doc Accessed 21 July 2007 Wolkowitz, D. 2005. DQ Grill & Chill Well-Known Ice-Cream Brand Turns Up the Heat with New Look, Expanded Menu, Nations Restaurant News Online Available at http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_5_39/ai_n9523126/pg_1 Accessed 21 July 2007.