Motivation and the Brain Essay

I certify that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. A healthy lifestyle, complete with eating well, takes motivation and constant strong dedication to achieve. When the motivation to see the action completed is at its most compelling state, it can only be placated once the behavior has been fulfilled. A lifestyle that involves healthy eating should be what everyone strives to achieve, but all too often there are roadblocks. The continuous development of understanding regarding eating disorders has expanded beyond what use to just be looked at as anorexia and bulimia or disorders that just associated with malnutrition. Just as eating too little can have a negative effect on a person’s health, so can overindulging, or eating too much of the wrong things. In America today the emphasis is the on-the-go lifestyle, which places a higher incentive to eat junk food as the main staple in one’s diet. The fast food is a quick fix to satisfy the compelling need of hunger. What causes a person to more than satisfy or willingly ignore the motivation to eat is under constant scrutiny; science is finding the links between hormone and gene dysfunction and the onset of eating disorders. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with eating healthily, these factors play heavily on how a person chooses to live their lifestyle. Brain Structure and Healthy Eating To start on the path of a healthy eating lifestyle one should begin in the brain. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH) explain the neurological mechanisms of hunger and satiety (Pinel, 2007). The VHM and the LH seem to work together as a sort of stoplight for a person’s hunger and satiety. The hypothalamus is in charge of changing energy into fat stores, by doing this, the hypothalamus creates an incentive to increase ones calories. To put this into psychological terms, the hypothalamus uses the need for energy to create a psychological force or need for hunger and then food, then calculating the rate and amount of fat storage within the body. More than three years ago, geneticists conducted a study with the findings reported the startling discovery that nearly half of all people in the U.S. with European ancestry carry a variant of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene which causes them to gain weight — from three to seven pounds, on average — but worse, puts them at risk for obesity (University of California, 2010). The FTO gene was studied in mice at a lab in Oxford. One set of mice was administered extra copies of the FTO gene, and fed the standard diet along with the other mice. The mice with the added gene gained 22% more weight than the mice with only one set. It was discovered when the FTO gene becomes overactive there is a tendency to consume more food. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors are the factors that work with healthy eating; these factors need to be considered when diet habits are evaluated. Hereditary factors, or intrinsic factors, such as certain types of eating disorders, can affect many generations within a family. Healthy eating and the act of maintaining a healthy eating lifestyle can be influenced by an eating disorder. An example of this would be a person with an undiagnosed case of anorexia might not be able to control their need to diet, thus stifling their ability to have and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Environmental factors, extrinsic factors, also have the ability to influence someone who is trying to eat healthy. For example, a person working in an ice cream store is likely to gain weight and become obese simply because they have access to fatty food multiple days during the week. Another extrinsic factor, which may influence someone’s eating habits, is how they were raised and taught to eat by their family. If the parents are unhealthy eaters, this will rub off on their children who will then grow up to be unhealthy eaters. Michigan State University conducted a study of families with children ranging in the one to three years old age range. The study found the mothers who considered their children to be picky eaters were the ones who did not offer fruits and vegetables as often. This study also learned extra attention must be placed on the family approach for eating good healthy food. When the mother and father makes an increased effort to feed their family healthy food the resulting outcome is a more positive role modeling. Eating healthy with eating disorders Eating healthy is not always possible, especially with someone who has an eating disorder. Even though the reasoning behind a lot of eating disorders is not very clear, there are many factors that are associated with them. Hormones, the environment, genetics, and neurological malfunctions can all be linked to eating disorders. Another factor that is commonly seen in people with an eating disorder is the family dynamic during their puberty years. Families who report being less supportive and less encouraging of the open expression of feelings are particularly prone to producing adolescents afflicted by eating disorders (Dixon et. al., 1989). When some neurological structures malfunction it can effect how people react to food, CT scans of teens exhibiting signs of anorexia show decreased size and functionality of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other neurological structures (Chowdhury & Lask, 2000). Science has not figured out yet if it is food association that causes neurological problems, or if it is the neurological problems that contribute to the food association problems. Stanford University has been conducting studies of anorexic patients in therapy; they have come to the conclusion that the therapy works more effectively if the family of the patient were involved with the therapy as well. The researchers were able to see a full anorexic remission rate of 42% as apposed to the 23% of those patients who elected to have individual therapy sessions. For these reasons, the motivation following eating disorders such as anorexia and obesity surrounds a broad array of environmental incentives and psychological drives. Conclusion In conclusion, the structures within the brain that work with appetite and satiety are the lateral hypothalamus, aka LH, and the ventromedial hypothalamus, aka VHM. Hunger and the process of eating can be brought on by outside or environmental factors like family gatherings, the quantity of food available, the amount of variety of foods available, and the deliciousness. There are also biological factors that affect a person’s hunger. Some of these are; the obesity associated gene within a person, adolescence and puberty, what the family dynamic is like, and where one works. Reference: Chowdhury, U., Lask, B. (2000). Neurological correlates to eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 8(2), 126-133. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from EBSCOHost Database. Deckers, L. (2010). Motivation: Biological, psychological, and environmental, Second Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Dixon, K.N., Jones, D., Lake, M., Nemzer, E., Sansone, R., & Stern, S.L. (1989). Family environment in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(1), 25-31. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from EBSCOHost Database. Michigan State University (2010, December 16). Mothers’ diets have biggest influence on Pinel, J.J. (2007). Basics of biopsychology. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Stanford University Medical Center (2010, October 11). Family therapy for anorexia twice University of California – Los Angeles (2010, April 20). Obesity gene, carried by more than a third of the US population, leads to brain tissue University of Oxford (2010, December 6). Overactive FTO gene does cause overeating

Minority report vs all the troubles of the world Essay

The two computers â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† are both machines that can predict the future, but they operate in different ways. The computer in Minority Report is actually 3 human beings with psychic powers. However the computer in â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† is actually a super computer that becomes so complex it starts to act like a human. Some other differences are that Multivac controls the world’s economy and can predict everybody’s actions before the people can even think about doing it, while the Pre-Cogs can only predicts murders with vague visions. The ways the two machines operate are vastly different; the Pre-cogs need a technician to constant watch them and special medication, but all Multivac needs are replacement parts to be installed occasionally. People also see Multivac as a god as it can predict almost anything with the data its collected. The Pre-Cogs on the other hand are constantly doubted as some people don’t believe they are 100% accurate. Although the two machines have many differences they are similar in some aspects, they both can predict murders and a police force can stop it before it happens. Both of the universes heavily rely on the two machines to make the world a better place. Overall the two stories â€Å"All the Troubles of the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† have similar concepts but are very different when you look at how the machines function. All the Troubles in the World vs. Minority Report The two computers â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† are both machines that can predict the future, but they operate in different ways. The computer in Minority Report is actually 3 human beings with psychic powers. However the computer in â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† is actually a super computer that becomes so complex it starts to act like a human. Some other differences are that Multivac controls the world’s economy and can predict everybody’s actions before the people can even think about doing it, while the Pre-Cogs can only predicts murders with vague visions. The ways the two machines operate are vastly different; the Pre-cogs need a technician to constant watch them and special medication, but all Multivac  needs are replacement parts to be installed occasionally. People also see Multivac as a god as it can predict almost anything with the data its collected. The Pre-Cogs on the other hand are constantly doubted as some people don’t believe they are 100% accurate. Although the two machines have many differences they are similar in some aspects, they both can predict murders and a police force can stop it before it happens. Both of the universes heavily rely on the two machines to make the world a better place. Overall the two stories â€Å"All the Troubles of the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† have similar concepts but are very different when you look at how the machines function. All the Troubles in the World vs. Minority Report The two computers â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† are both machines that can predict the future, but they operate in different ways. The computer in Minority Report is actually 3 human beings with psychic powers. However the computer in â€Å"All the Troubles in the World† is actually a super computer that becomes so complex it starts to act like a human. Some other differences are that Multivac controls the world’s economy and can predict everybody’s actions before the people can even think about doing it, while the Pre-Cogs can only predicts murders with vague visions. The ways the two machines operate are vastly different; the Pre-cogs need a technician to constant watch them and special medication, but all Multivac needs are replacement parts to be installed occasionally. People also see Multivac as a god as it can predict almost anything with the data its collected. The Pre-Cogs on the other hand are constantly doubted as some people don’t believe they are 100% accurate. Although the two machines have many differences they are similar in some aspects, they both can predict murders and a police force can stop it before it happens. Both of the universes heavily rely on the two machines to make the world a better place. Overall the two stories â€Å"All the Troubles of the World† and â€Å"Minority Report† have similar concepts but are very different when you look at how the machines function.

Intelligences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Intelligences - Essay Example r all, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division have lots of uses in daily life, if only to figure out how much to pay for fries and burgers and how much change you’re supposed to get back. Arithmetic was easy as 1-2-3. But algebra was not as easy as A-B-C, and I didn’t get it why letters had to substitute for the numbers when numbers were just fine for me. And trigonometry really lost me; its use of Greek symbols spelled Greek to me. But I do think a lot about people. People interest me, and I find them fascinating. It seems to me that people are the same everywhere in the world, despite differences in culture, faith, and ideologies. We nevertheless all agree where it really matters. We all love our children and look after their welfare the best way we can. We all regard our parents with love and respect, even if we show it in different ways. And with the advent of the internet, we are all quickly gravitating towards a single culture. We swoon over the same movie stars and dance to the same music. We share common experiences with each other even if we had never met. That’s why I feel I easily understand people. I am people-intelligent. Also dance-intelligent, so to speak. When dance music plays, feet come to life, hips sway to the beat, arms flail in the air. They say that we gain our sense of rhythm from the beating of our mothers’ hearts as we grew in the womb. Maybe so, in which case there shouldn’t be any reason for people to say they were born with two left feet as an excuse for why they can’t dance. Unless they really had two left feet. Not me. I was born to dance. But most of all, I think that I am best at being a mom. There’s no school that could teach how one can be a good parent; you just are, or you aren’t. All the universities in the world could not teach a mother to understand the different ways her infant cries – that he has a different cry when he’s hungry, or irritated, or wet, or sick; or to

Video clip review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video clip - Movie Review Example In so doing, he further complicates the crisis. In their leadership, Scott and Krantz are tolerant, democratic, result-oriented, accommodative, purposeful, and committed. They understand that the issue at hand needs to be resolved. When it comes to effective crisis management, persistence to success is an important personal characteristic. Persistence is even more valuable when it is complemented by collaborative efforts between the parties involved. On the other hand, the worst characteristic is personal self-sufficiency in times of crisis. Personally, I have faced a work crisis where workers were boycotting their duties and responsibilities to push for more organization-based benefits from the management. The worker-management platform of crisis resolution was violated, prompting me to remind my colleagues the formal process of filing complaints. I convinced all the workers to resume their duties and file complaints about such benefits using the process that the company recognized. My action was effective because any violation of the crisis resolution process could have resulted in contract termination for the boycott’s ring

Love, Speech Pathologist treatment of dementia patients with Research Paper

Love, Speech Pathologist treatment of dementia patients with disruptive behaviors - Research Paper Example This aims at determining how to ensure the quality of patients and family members’ lives in situations of dementia can be improved. According to pathologists, despite the fact that memory loss has been a  prominent  finding  lately  in most dementia patients, the main issue that contributes to institutionalization is the disruptive behavior, such as unnecessary speech associated with the disease. Some of the main symptoms associated with the disease include sleep disturbance, unnecessary speeches, aggression, depression, agitation and psychotic-related features. In addition, behavioral symptoms may be a  result  of dementia illness, Iatrogeneric causes and other  concomitant  illness. However, the  main  error  made by a majority in managing behavioral disturbances is that treatment commences without  identification  of the symptom precipitant. It is  essential  to ensure that before anyone commences treatment the identification of the  disruptive  behaviors and causes is done (Teri, Logsdon, Uomoto, & McCurry, 2012). To ensure that  treatment  of a sick  person is  sati sfactory, the patient’s family and pathologist should have a  sound  understanding  of the issue under treatment. Depression is one of the symptoms and the disruptive behavior of dementia that affects up to 20% of most patients. Depression can be in the form of unnecessary speeches because of  the disease-related neuronal loss and, less frequently,  reaction  to a disease process. For patients suffering from vascular dementia,  depression  mostly  follows the left cerebral hemisphere stroke. Dementia-related diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, have many patients showing symptoms of depression through their speeches. In most cases it is difficult to  diagnose  patients with depression due to dementia because apathy is  common in both disorders  (Teri, Logsdon, Uomoto, & McCurry,

Trust and Power within Business Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trust and Power within Business Network - Essay Example It is critical and strategic issue which needs to be dealt very carefully, this element of trust is vital in all kinds of relationships whether it is within the business or with the external stakeholders. It is very hard to make this trust however one mistake can hurt the reputation very badly and create serious consequences for the future of the business. Power is the acquisition of assets and its control which gives dominance to a party over the other. It is to have the control and ability to influence the decision of the other party. Power has its own benefits and draw backs within a business network. Too much or less of it has its own effects. However it has been seen that where there is trust there is less likelihood of power causing any harm to the social or business network (Group H.R., 2000). When we talk about long term success of the business then this success is dependent on the development of positive networks in the industry. Business networks are an opportunity for the owners of the business and the team of employees to improve themselves continuously. They are a collection of companies linked through agreements for business purposes who work together to get over all benefits for the members in doing so they need to make business dealings and work together and invest and divest money Thinking Made Easy, p21, 2009). A company in the business network tends to learn from one another's mistakes and successes and based on that they derive solutions to their own problems. Apart from the business perspective networking helps in social activities and events. It leads to strong bonds and close relationships with the business partner which is good for the business in the long term (Daft, p110, 2001). The relationship must be enduring and permanent in nature. Trust is by all means the most critical and significant factor in enhancing the relationship and strengthening it. This development of trust comes with the passage of time and honesty in business. It may take a long time period to develop but once it is lost one can end up loosing the chances of success of further business with any particular group or team. Countries all around the world have realized the importance of business networking and the role of relationship building, trust and power within a network. Therefore they have been working on this, such as the Australian has developed a Business Network Program (BNP) for the promotion of networks in Australia. The government has granted $24 million for this in order to increase the competitiveness and growth of SMEs (Australian Government business Initiative, 2009). Trust is a valuable asset for a business and leads to competitive advantage over the rival businesses. Where there is trust then more people would like to work with you. It will lead to increased sales, profits and turnover for the business. Trust gives more power to the business and enhances its market position. Trust facilitates the learning process within a network and moderates the effects of power and makes a positive continuation to the network as a whole. In times of global crises a lot of firms are going through losses but in order to counter the current state of the economy businesses do not stop their production. They operate on debt basis and they are able to get the raw

Research Appraisal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Appraisal - Research Paper Example Results from the research showed that complicated grief was predisposed by the following factors; female gender ,confidence interval, spouse relationship, parents–children relationship, lack of religious, unavailable family support, and history of mood co-morbidity. The authors have put enough work on previous literature concerning the research. Cotrrell and McKenzie (40) says people often neglect literature review and its importance of review and most times. As a matter of fact, they blame literature review for delay in starting the research. Literature review helps justify the importance of the research while at the same time put the research in historical perspective. This research has not indicated a clear hypothesis for the whole study. Nonetheless, the researchers have developed one null hypothesis stating that there is no significant relationship between variables. The other hypothesis states that female gender might be of increased risks for complicated grief compared with male. The authors have clearly established a relevant theoretical framework for the study. The authors argue that the death of cancer patients leaves their caregivers with complicated grief. The authors explain that this is caused by moments and times shared by the two parties. The authors develop a theoretical time it takes for an individual to grief the loss of a loved one. The study works with an average period of 8.9 months. This concept helps the study develop a time line for different activities. The authors have used an experimental approach in the study. The study has set out orderly procedures trying to verify or establish the validity of the hypothesis. Experiment is a better approach when establishing insight on cause-and-effect by demonstrating the consequences of manipulation of a particular factor. Nevertheless, this journal has its uniqueness in that it is one of the few nursing journals that do not have a clear hypothesis. Thus, researchers have

Organization changestrategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organization changestrategy - Essay Example Some of the employees are even fearing for their jobs if they complain about the work environment. Employees are also concerned that management is not adhering to company policies, yet forcing the employees to follow company policies. Employees feel resentment over this . Because of the overwhelming production schedule, Frontline Supervisors are not training employees properly and they leave a lot of the decision- make up to the hourly employees. Some of the employees are voicing concerns that because of the lack of communication, professional development and leadership from management, they are concerned for their personal safety. However it comes to the attention that Frontline Supervisors are not happy, either. Their concerns are that no one from upper management will back them up when it comes to making technical or managerial decisions. Here the only solution to the problem that we can see is that there is no communication among the employers and the employees. There needs to be a communication between the employers and the employees so that the problems are solved and sorted out. In the case study we see that there are many issues among the employees that they are afraid to discuss with the higher authorities having the fear in there minds that they will get fired consequently. Here the authorities also seem to be in trouble. ... Decision making as a process is recognized all over the world for its importance. It is the process which is the result of thinking processes that go on which in the need leads to the final action implemented as the result of the thinking process. Every decision-making process always ends in a final selection. The output can be an action or a judgment of choice. In this case the upper authorities need to define and clarify the issue and need to see if they deserve any action or any implementation. If the implementation is needed than when is it needed. It deals with the urgency or not. By the upper management all the facts should be gathered and understand their causes. The higher authorities should be thinking about the options and solutions. The pros and cons of each option should be properly considered (Ullman, 2006, p.23). Proper consultation should be done in the case where it is necessary. After all the consultation process the best option should be selected. Any possible vagueness should be or 'foot in both camps' compromise. The authorities should make there employees aware of the decision that has been made as they are the stakeholders and they are the ones who ill be affected by the decision in the end. In any company the stakeholders are those who are the ones directly effected by the decisions that the authorities make so they are the ones who need to know the decisions that have been implemented in nay case that have been made by the authorities. In this case study we see that there is no communication between the employers and the employees which is basically leading to many problems ands confusions in the lower

Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications for Construction projects Assignment

Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications for Construction projects - Assignment Example For the entire human race their society went through a complete revolution with the emergence of information and communications technology just a few decades back. Construction and Management is one of the numerous fields that have been benefitted immensely by Information and Communications technology. Not only have the methods of construction been perfected by technology, the ability to communicate in the real time environment among locations physically located at far off places was a revolutionizing factor indeed. The present day construction companies’ scenario is such that highly specialized network infrastructure and special communication needs have become integral for their survival. This is owing to the intricate and advanced nature of the projects that have been taken up by the technology equipped construction companies. The general infrastructure is such that the main hub or the headquarters of the construction company is located in a main city. This construction hub is equipped with the smartest telecommunication technologies so as to remain perfectly in contact with construction points at spread out physical locations. Some construction points may be this far that they may not lie under any physical wired private or public networks or even wireless network coverage area. These construction site offices are often present at the termination of the area that is being constructed. The activities within the entire construction area may be far off from the construction office sites and construction may continue sometimes even for months and years. The movements of staff and managers between ‘different sites’ and ‘between the headquarter and sites’ are intermittent and take place at regular intervals. The terrain of the construction sites is often such that the land is physically irregular with ongoing digging and other groundwork. It is under such circumstances that the

Reasons Behind Colonial Settlements in North America Essay Example for Free

Reasons Behind Colonial Settlements in North America Essay As a whole, I believe economic development had a larger impact on colonial settlement than religious concerns, but this varies with the individual colonies. Each colony had something different to offer England and a different motive for settling. New England came about because the Puritans and Separatists wanted a place to worship free the original Church of England. Virginia, on the other hand, was established at first as a trade colony and base for gold and precious metal expeditions. The Maryland colony was founded in order to further the cultivation of certain crops like tobacco. Religion was by no means pushed away in the colonies. It was a strong and meaningful force for almost all colonists; it Just wasnt always their driving force. England held economic control over all colonies and did not let anything get in the way of that. Virginia became an agricultural settlement that brought large amounts of money to Britain. Religion was important and valued higher than everything except money. The colony of Maryland was given by Charles I to George Calvert, whose son (Cecilius Calvert) allowed freedom of religion to all Christian settlers in the colony. That was the biggest difference between Maryland and Virginia, who both became agricultural societies fairly quickly. Indentured servants were shipped to work the fields, which created a populous community and a strong economy. New England was created for more than Just a place for the Puritans and Separatists to worship freely. Because of American influence in English lifestyle (mainly food), the population doubled, leading to high inflation, a very unbalanced wealth distribution, and a plummeting economy. As a result of overpopulation and poverty, people were drawn to North America. Among the attracted people were Puritans and Separatists, who could both escape poverty and start a new colony based off of their own religious beliefs. These people were rebels in the eyes of the English hierarchy, and therefore received much less funding and support from the government. New England evolved as more of a family friendly colony than the Chesapeake Bay colonies, which were more business and economically focused. The Chesapeake Bay colonies were established by the English government for the sole purpose of economic development, while New England was founded by religious leaders escaping English intolerance. The Massachusetts Bay Company was moved to New England, along with the addition of three thousand Puritans by the year of 1643. The area sprouted busy seaports in coastal towns and farms in agricultural. As the population grew, New England became more financially inclined. Compared to other European societies, English colonies were as equally everyday life centered as economically centered. They brought their culture, religion, and everyday life to North America. New England and the Chesapeake Bay colonies had different personalities and goals when it came to economic, religious, and settling beliefs. The economy was a focus point for both colonies, but especially the Chesapeake bay colonies, while religion was the founder of New England.

Reflection On Principles Of Moving And Handling Patients Nursing Essay

Reflection On Principles Of Moving And Handling Patients Nursing Essay Manual handling of patients has been a continuous issue of safety among nurses. In fact, the Department of Health(2007) has called for an end in the manual handling of patients due to the injury that it has caused among nurses. The no lifting policy has been imposed as a strict rule in all hospitals and the principles of body mechanics has been stressed among all hospital employees to prevent back pain muscle strain among healthcare staff. In the surgical ward where I am presently working, utilising the ideal way of moving handling patients is an important part of my everyday work especially that we deal mostly with orthopaedic patients. The proper use of manual handling aids and proper body mechanics are very important principles that we keep in mind everyday to ensure safety not only for our patients but for ourselves as well. Schà ¶n, D.  (1983) defined  reflective practice  as the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning. This reflective essay will focus on my experiences while I worked to attain my goal of becoming more proficient in moving and handling surgical patients. Using the Gibbs (1988) Reflective Model, I would be reflecting on my practice to promote more avenues of learning about this topic in the future. The Reflective Cycle DESCRIPTION I have not had much experience with taking care of orthopaedic patients before I came to this country. But, when I started my adaptation program in a surgical ward of a private hospital, I was bombarded with patients who had hip, knee and foot surgeries. I came across manual handling aids like crutches, frames, and sticks in helping patients mobility and focused on promoting patients independence. During the first few weeks, I was not very confident with handling these patients knowing that I was not well equipped with the knowledge skills. Thus, I was motivated to find a way to be better in this aspect. I started by researching about postoperative care for orthopaedic patients and proper usage of manual handling/ mechanical aids equipment. I attended the mandatory training about manual handling as well and improved my knowledge about the principles of body mechanics and the different manual handling aids. We were also taught on how to move handle patients especially in difficult or emergency situations. In the next few weeks, I worked hand in hand with the physiotherapists and I carefully observed how they facilitate mobility and independence among postoperative patients. As cited in the NICE guidelines (draft for consultation, October 2010), the rapid restoration of physical and self care functions is critical to recovery from surgery, particularly where the goal is to return to the patient to pre-operative levels of function and residence. Therefore, it is very important to assist patients in returning to their optimal level of well being by motivating them to be independent as soon as possible as safety allows. FEELINGS During the first few weeks of my exposure, I looked at orthopaedic patients as very delicate in terms of mobilisation. I was aware of the restrictions that each type of surgery has, I knew what aids they need to facilitate their movement and I knew by theory the techniques that nurses physiotherapists apply when assisting them with their mobility. I was competent in knowledge due to the extra time I did with research and with my effort at working with the physiotherapists. Yet, I was not confident with the actual thing. Every time I assist these patients in getting out of bed, sitting on a chair, or going to the toilet, I ensured that I had some other health care professional with me to assist the patient. I had fears within me especially when handling hip patients knowing that these patients commonly experience fainting episodes during the first few days after the operation. I was very careful and very keen with my patients safety and every time I do something, I make sure that I f ollow the principles of body mechanics to protect myself as well. As time went on and as busier the ward gets, I developed more confidence in handling these patients and in giving instructions to aid in their mobility regaining their independence. As time went on, I experienced more incidents which gave me more learning. I experienced a few incidences wherein these hip patients lose their consciousness not only when the patient was about to lie back on bed but also when the patient just had a shower in the assisted bathroom. Those experiences made me very cautious from then on and they enhanced my skills in carrying out immediate interventions during emergency situations. EVALUATION The whole experience taught me to be confident and I was able to achieve a sense of control over every situation I encountered. I always regard safety as priority in doing every action. While assisting patients in regaining independence, there were times wherein I cared for patients who were very stubborn and who wanted to do things their own way. There were instances wherein the patients become overconfident that they do things on their own, not thinking about the risks that they put themselves into. No matter what instructions we give to these patients, they still hesitate to cooperate. In contrast, I also have this tendency of making my patients very dependent at times. As influenced by my culture, I sometimes tend to offer myself to my patients too much that they get used to having other people do things for them, thus conflicting the principle of promoting independence. ANALYSIS Examining deeply the experiences I had made me grasp the reality that we should always act accordingly and think about whats best for our patients. These decisions might not always please them but we, as nurses, have to show to them that we are in control of the situation and act as patient advocates. These incidences taught me to be firm and be authoritative as the situation allows and that I should assist the patients in attaining their goal of being able to do their activities of daily living (ADLs) on their own. CONCLUSION As the age, weight, and infirmity of patients being hospitalized increase in our society, the people responsible for caring for them face greater risk for developing musculoskeletal injury during the routine moving, transferring, and repositioning of those charged to their care. This risk is intensified by the growing median age of nurses (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010) and the fact that many of those caregivers suffer daily from previous injuries related to the physical tasks of patient care (Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc., March, 2006). There is increasing evidence (Nelson Baptiste, 2004;  Nelson, Motacki, Menzel, 2009) to indicate that safe patient-handling and movement strategies are effective in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and pain. This entire experience made me realise the importance of safety while helping the patient achieve optimum health and faster recovery. If I were to make changes about the whole situation to improve myself, I could have worked with the physiotherapists by practically getting involved in using the different manual handling aids. Aside from that, I could have exposed myself to the use of other manual handling aids that were not commonly used in the ward where I am working. ACTION PLAN In the future, I intend to make myself more familiar with other mechanical devices by exposing myself to the medical wards. I would also plan to attend any trainings and seminars about manual handling to update me with the knowledge and skills. Upon handling orthopaedic patients in the future, I intend to promote independence as much as possible and be more firm to perverse patients. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2010). Career guide to industries, 2010-11 edition, Healthcare. US Department of Labor. Retrieved February 21, 2010, fromhttp://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/  [Context Link] Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc. (2006, March). Safe Patient Handling: A Report Based on Quantitative Research Among Nurses and Radiology Technicians. [Conducted on Behalf of AFT Healthcare By Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc.] Retrieved February 21, 2010,  www.aft.org/pdfs/healthcare/safepatienthandling0306.pdf[Context Link] Nelson A., Baptiste A. (2004, September 30). Evidence-based practices for safe patient handling and movement. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 9, 3, Manuscript 3. Retrieved May 17, 2010, fromhttp://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume92004/No3Sept04/EvidenceBasedPractices.aspx[Context Link] Nelson A., Motacki K., Menzel N. (2009). The illustrated guide to safe patient handling and movement. New York: Springer.  [Context Link] ^  Schà ¶n, D.  (1983)  The Reflective Practitioner, How Professionals Think In Action, Basic Books.  ISBN 0465068782.[

A Rose for Emily Setting Analysis Essay -- essays papers

A Rose for Emily Setting Analysis In "A Rose for Emily", a woman (for whom the story is named) confines herself in her somewhat large house in a small town during the early half of the twentieth century. For the most part, in order to understand the entirety of the story, it is vital to understand the setting and how each character develops it, and,or, interacts with it. As far as the town is concerned, it is very isolated and the people seem to value this quality, as well as the lack of progression in social change, most. There is also a great deal of gossip that regularly circulates about the town's people with great interest. All this was best implied in the comment, "At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an interest, because the ladies all said 'Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer.' But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige -- without calling it noblesse oblige"(719). This is a comment on Emily's relationship with construction work...

Facing Death Essay -- Papers Death Dying Life Religion Essays

Facing Death Works Cited Not Included In today?s modern society we have a certain distaste for the subject of death. There are people in society feel uncomfortable with the subject of death. The subject of death is a reality that we need to face everyday. There is nothing any of us can do about death, and there is no virtue in dwelling on it or trying to penetrate its mystery. Is it possible to prepare for death? In our day and age as we know it, there have been astounding advancements in medicine. The average life expectancy has risen. People are being educated in issues that surround a healthy life style. As a society, we are trying to increase our life span and defeat death. While people are following strict diets and grueling exercise programs, the earth is creating new diseases, viruses, bacteria, and illnesses that cause death. Is the earth compensating for these new medical advancements by creating these deadly ailments to make life and death equal? We are all going to die; that?s not our problem. Our problem is how to live until we die. Our ...

Relating to Life Struggles Portrayed in Tim OBriens The Things They C

Relating to Life Struggles Portrayed in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried There are many things that I carry around with me in my daily life that I both need and don't need. Although, I carry many more positive things than I do negative, I know that they are there and how I must learn to use them is essential. Even if I don't carry around physical "things" like the soldiers in the story, I carry around the thoughts and images of my past and of the opinions and judgments of my future. Troubles that I dealt with as a teenager follow me into my present life now. Sure, we as teenagers made some stupid mistakes, but there are still a few of them that haunt me even to this day. I have learned that they will never disappear because of how much of an impact it had on me, but I have discovered on my own when it is healthy and harmful to bring them up. I had disagreements with my parents and I saw their viewpoints as outrageous and unfair but I have educated myself to know that they were in the right, while I was in the wrong. That is something that I will go on to pass through my chi...

Why People Commit Crime

Tyler Hertz CRJ 308 10. 28. 2012 Why People Commit Crime How do people define crime? Some might define crime as an act of offence towards the morality of humans. Others might regard crime as an act that harms the universal human rights. In my perspectives, I think that crime is an offence made towards the law. Therefore, why do people still commit crimes? There are many reasons why people may commit crimes and it depends on the type of person they are. Many people will commit a crime everyday whether it be speeding, J-walking, or in some cases, theft and murder.Some crimes are easy to commit and that’s why I think people commit them. I also, refer to the Routine Activities theory. This theory, I believe, does a great job on explaining why people commit most crimes. It says that in order for a crime to be committed three things must have to occur and those being; a motivated offender, lack of a capable guardian, and suitable target. Why I think this does a good job in explain w hy people commit a crime is because it goes into detail about all aspects that involve a crime taking place.Take speeding for example, a person who is in a hurry will speed; this makes them the motivated offender. Next, for this crime to take place there must be a suitable target and this could be any road that is not congested by traffic. Last, we have the lack of a capable guardian and this is an obvious one, it would be not visible Law Enforcement officers on the highway. If all these are possible a person can and most likely will speed. Speeding is not really considered by most to be a really crime but, more of a criminal act.I just wanted to show how that theory can explain most types of crimes and it will work even for other crimes. I believe there is a huge difference between a crime and a criminal act. I believe a crime to be something that causes harm to others. Speeding, although can, does not usually cause any harm to others, this is what I consider a criminal act. A crim e would be something like assault or theft. Theft does not cause physical harm but, finaical and emotional harm to the victims. Why do people do it?Another reason I believe people commit crimes is because of greed. Greed is the wanting to lead a luxurious life or even to own something that is beyond one’s financial budget. For example, a person of moderate income would like to own an expensive plasma television which the price is beyond his budget. However, his greed prompts him to own that item by either stealing money to purchase it or to steal the item itself. When the person gets caught by any law enforcer, the person will be charged in court for committing a crime.To steal to fulfill one’s desire to own an item which one understands that it is beyond his financial budget is committing a crime by the cause of greed. This, in my view, shows that people commit crimes for selfish reason. In conclusion, I believe that most people will commit a crime either because they can and it is easy or because they have the selfish vision of living a life they cannot afford to live so they will do anything they can to achieve it, even if that means breaking the law and causing harm to others.

American medical care Essay

These early immigrants survived the harsh times and difficult American climate as well as the wilderness on primitive basic instincts. The early settlements were often ravaged by starvation and disease. During the colonial era, doctors’ education was informal. Most were literate, but some who were raised outside of New England were not. A man who wanted to practice medicine did not need any type of certification. Most did have a period of apprenticeship with an established physician, but even this was not a requirement. Up until the late 19th century, very few doctors had a college education. Medical facilities were unofficial. Most patients were treated in their homes. However, even the smallest towns had poorhouses, where needy people could live and receive limited medical care. The few hospitals that opened in North America during the colonial period were opened in places like Quebec and New Orleans. Public health was unknown in North America at this time. Towns and cities did not have boards of health except during times of epidemics. Because most places did not have public water or sewer systems, most Americans got their water from pumps and used outhouses until well into the 19th century. There was no trash collection so the streets became a breeding ground for all types of disease. There were a few attempts to influence public health. For example, when smallpox vaccinations were developed in the 18th century, many small town doctors had groups of people that had to stay quarantined for a few days to make sure they only developed a mild case of smallpox. Cures may have killed more people than the diseases themselves. The public developed a very skeptical attitude towards regular doctors. In the early 19th century, the do it yourself attitude of many Americans was popular. These people freely gave medical advice, emphasized the participant of the patient in his or her own treatment. However, other â€Å"medical treatments† were available also. Probably snake oil is best remembered. Andrew Taylor Still started the practice of osteopathy. Osteopathy incorporated bodily manipulations, similar to those seen in modern chiropractics. In osteopathy, these manipulations affected the magnetic flow of energy in the body. Osteopathy discouraged use of medicines, but did not forbid them. Another reaction against heroic medicine was homeopathy. A university-trained German doctor named Samuel Hahnemann started it. Heinemann said that doctors were giving their patients too much medicine. He believed that tiny amounts of drugs should be diluted in water before being given to a patient and that practitioners should take very thorough medical histories of each patient. Quackery was a way to fool people into believing they were being cured while making money from them. Quackery had even been licensed in London, but it was completely ignored by the America government for hundreds of years. Hydropathy was another special case. The healing power of water, hydropathy indicated the value of the rest cure, importance of having like-minded people around, the usefulness of light exercise and the fact that women who wore loose-fitting clothing generally felt better and had fewer physical complaints than the ones who did. Another special case is the entire issue of faith-only healing. While empirical evidence in favor of faith-only healing is lacking, anecdotal evidence suggests that some people who pray do experience spontaneous decrease of certain diseases. The late 19th century saw major changes in medicine in the United States. Medicine went from being medieval to incorporating many elements of modern science. The advances in chemistry, and biology had major impacts on medicine. As medical practitioners began to understand that the body was comprised of basic chemicals and not mysterious humors, effective treatments for diseases and injuries were developed. As medicine became more scientific, doctors needed both training and  licensing. In 1847, Dr. Nathan Davis founded the American Medical Association (AMA) in Philadelphia to help create professional standards for doctors and set minimal educational requirements. Medical colleges opened up across the country, increasing requirements from a few months without any college background to a number of years with a college degree. However, these colleges provided an extremely unpredictable level of medical education, with some of them a diploma and others provided a to notch medical education. As American cities exploded in size during the 19th century due to immigration from Europe, public health became more of an issue. With many hundreds of thousands of people living in cities: extremely crowded, unsanitary conditions; tuberculosis was often at epidemic levels in the cities. During the 19th century, people understood that TB was not caused by miasma, but was caused by bacteria. People with TB were sometimes sent out of the city to places in the country, where the cleaner air seemed to help their recovery. It was obvious that people needed clean water for drinking, and bathing. So cities started massive sewer projects to help bring clean water into the cities while removing wastewater from the city. Dead animal remains and garbage littered the street until the late 1800s when cities started sanitation crews to take the trash out of town and dumps to move the waste to. Many cities started dispensaries so the poor could receive treatment and medications for low cost. With the urban population explosion, the â€Å"poorhouses† (probably today’s HMO ‘Urgent Care’) became even larger and harder to manage. With new medical advances, people needed to be in big cities to receive certain types of treatment. Americans began to build hospitals across the country in the 19th century.  The new hospitals were generally cleaner than the old poorhouses.

Literary History and the Concept of Literature Essay

Literary history and the concept of literature I From the 1970s onwards, much has been said about the writing of history and literary history that has cast doubt on its intellectual credibility. For example, Hayden White’s Metahistory (1973) included an influential analysis of the metaphorical foundations of 19th century history writing. In 1979, Jean-Francois Lyotard criticized grand narratives in La Condition postmoderne (The Postmodern Condition), and in 1992 David Perkins presented a whole array of sceptical epistemological and methodological arguments directed against literary history in Is Literary History Possible?. The questioning of literary history has not however resulted in the abandonment of large-scale literary-historical projects, rather it has inspired attempts to base such ventures on better designs and better foundations. Not least, many new ideas about the field have been put forward in connection with the preparation of two major works of literary history sponsored by the ICLA. It is also natural to point to two theoretical publications from 2002: the collection of essays, Rethinking Literary History, edited by Linda Hutcheon and Mario J. Valdes, and Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer’s brief presentation of the ideas behind a history of literary cultures in East-Central Europe. [ii] The Swedish project â€Å"Literature and Literary History in Global Contexts†, which was started in 1998 and will terminate in 2004, focuses specifically on some theoretical problems associated with the writing of literary history. We who participate come, mostly, from various fields within oriental studies or from comparative literature. Since the project is sponsored by the Swedish Research Council we all work, or once worked, at various Swedish universities. One of the special features of the project is the interest devoted to world histories of literature, a genre where the general problems of literary history become especially visible and acute. (I shall return to this perhaps unfamiliar genre in a moment. ) Three important cruces in connection with world histories of literature have been singled out for special discussion within the project: (i) the understanding of the notion of literature, (ii) the understanding of genres, and (iii) the understanding of interactions between literary cultures. These three sets of issues will be made the subject of four volumes of literary-historical studies and theoretical reflections, and these volumes will represent the main concrete outcome of the project. In this paper, I shall concentrate on the first of the questions, about the notion of literature. I shall say a few words about the concept of literature itself, point out some of the difficulties that it occasions in a world history of literature, and conclude with a brief discussion of how such problems may be approached and dealt with. II In a sense, of course, there are very many concepts of literature: if every nuance is taken into account, it may well be the case that each person has their own. Yet if, conversely, one looks at the situation very broadly, one can say that there is an everyday concept of literature in Western culture which is widely shared. That concept came into being in the course of the 18th century. Before that, no exact counterpart to our present concept of literature existed either in Western culture or elsewhere, and the distinction between imaginative literature and non-fiction was not of primary importance in the classification of texts. Wilt Idema and Lloyd Haft have given a concise and clarifying account of how earlier cultures thought about texts and their basic divisions. As long as no more than a few written works are in circulation in a given society, all texts are more or less equally important and valuable. If there is a dramatic increase in the number of writings, with a corresponding differentiation in their content and character, the texts are likely to be subdivided into the categories of â€Å"high† literature, professional literature, and popular literature. â€Å"Literature† (or high literature) is then the term for texts which are felt to be of general educational value and which are, accordingly, regarded as part of the necessary intellectual baggage of every cultured person†¦. Works which contain useful knowledge but remain limited to one specific area, such as medicine or military science, are classified as professional literature. Works intended only to amuse, and which have (or are considered to have) no educational value, fall outside the scope of â€Å"literature†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We may call these more or less despised writings â€Å"trivial literature†. In the kind of intellectual culture described in this quotation, the fundamental distinction among texts is the one between culturally important texts and culturally less significant ones. In most such cultures – classical antiquity, classical Chinese culture, classical Sanskrit culture, and so forth – the class of culturally important texts would comprise most of what we call poetry, history writing, and philosophy, and normally also other kinds of texts – some administrative texts, some texts concerning magic, some letters, et cetera. Oral vernacular texts, or relatively unadorned fictional narratives, what we call fictional prose, would normally form part of popular or trivial literature. For complex social, economic, and cultural reasons, this way of classifying texts came to undergo great though gradual transformations in Western Europe from the late 17th to the early 19th centuries. One of the very many crucial factors behind the process must have been the growing importance of a new, more rigorous conception of empirical truth, associated with the natural sciences. High literature, in the special sense described by Idema and Haft, had always aspired to truth in the sense of great human significance. As the distinction between empirical truth and empirical non-truth became more rigid and more significant – and as many other, more or less related developments were taking place – new groupings began to emerge in the textual universe. Poetry became dissociated from scientific writings, and successively also from history, philosophy, oratory, and letters. On the other hand, fictional prose, especially in the guise of the increasingly appreciated novel, came to be regarded as one of the genres of poetry. With this, our modern notion of literature had effectively taken shape, and the term â€Å"literature† (whose main meaning in the 17th and 18th centuries had been something like â€Å"education† or â€Å"culture†) successively developed into today’s normal designation of the concept. [v] III The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw the beginning of the writing of literary history – of the history of national European literatures, of the history of European literature as a whole and, at least from the 1830s onwards, of the world history of literature. World histories of literature thus comprise a genre which has existed for around 170 years. Among its modern instances are such impressive works as the German twenty-five volume Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft (New Handbook of Literary Studies), published between 1972 and 2002, and the Russian Istorija vsemirnoj literatury v devjati tomach (History of World Literature in Nine Volumes) from 1983-94. [vii] However in the English-speaking world the genre is more or less extinct, and its very existence appears to be overlooked in the contemporary international discussion about the globalization of literary studies. These debates are primarily inspired by the widespread interest in colonial and postcolonial studies and place the last few centuries at the centre of attention, while the traditional world histories of literature are, in principle, universal in scope, and are meant to cover all times and cultures. In many respects, it seems a good idea to have a world history of literature to fall back on. Such works can relate the various literary cultures of the world to one another and put them into perspective. Thus they may create a much needed overview, much as a map of the world helps us to comprehend certain fundamental geographical realities. To some extent, works like the Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft and the Istorija vsemirnoj literatury do just that, and of course they also contain a wealth of information and intelligent discussion. Yet, despite their often remarkable qualities, world histories of literature are typically profoundly problematic for a number of reasons. Two major problems have their roots in the very concept of literature. First, the concept is, in itself, an everyday notion. If employed without additional explications or stipulations, it is too imprecise and inconsistent to form the basis of a reasonable classification. Second, the concept of literature is a relatively recent Western invention. Its application to other times and cultures will easily lead to anachronistic and ethnocentric distortions. On the whole, world histories of literature are content to sweep such problems under the carpet. They typically prefer to rely on the everyday notion of literature and to include the resulting contradictions in the bargain. For instance, the concept of literature is traditionally used in such a manner that the criteria for a work to be classified as literature vary depending on the time and the culture one is speaking of. Modern literature is most often seen as consisting of just fictional prose, poetry, and drama. When there is talk of older periods, the concept of literature is however used very inclusively. [ix] For example, ancient Roman philosophy, history, and oratory are not excluded as being non-fiction; instead, such writers as Lucrece, Caesar, and Cicero are considered part of the European literary heritage. The same duality appears in the treatment of other literary cultures. Thus, for instance, the sacred Vedic texts (circa 1200 – circa 500 B. C.).

Turkey and the Eu

Representatives of the neo-liberal institutionalism see the ELI, therefore, as a strong indication that intergovernmental institutions can not only serve for security concerns of individual countries to maximize their relative profit. They can also develop a power structure independent of their members. A possible accession of Turkey to the ELI was always matter In Europe since the establishment of the SEC In the year 1957. No other candidate for an admission has ever caused so many controversial discussions.Despite the fact that every state agrees the process of the access negotiations there is still excellent a gig dispute whether if the Turkish admission politically is desirable or not. Negotiations were started on October 3rd 2005, and the process, should it be in Turkey's favor, is likely to take at least a decade to complete. The membership bid has become a major controversy of the ongoing enlargement of the European Union. This statement describes the line I want to follow and the topics on which I have done my research for this paper very well:† The pros and cons of Turkey EX. membership could span many pages.Against: Turkey is culturally very different; its ere capita GNP is a quarter the ELI average and Turkey could easily swallow up all the EX. development funds; EH legislation would cause very much internal resentment – as many could see It as conflicting with their religious laws; the country still has human rights Issues and hasn't recognized the genocide where over a million Armenian died. For: if Turkey could join the EH and all the issues above are resolved we would have a fantastically dynamic economy in Europe that may be able to help us balance off against the upcoming industrial super powers of China and India.Turkey would become more wealthy, secular, tolerant and open. The outcome is in the toss of a coin. † 1 The economic performance is one of the most important access criterion for Turkey even as the Copenhagen criter ia must not be fulfilled in total. In fact Turkey has as many inhabitants as Germany but has only one sixth of the German economic power The strongest argument is always, that an admission could open new markets In the east.From this point of view there are existing a couple of numbers that point out clearly, that a Turkish EH admission may not be affordable for the European Union: * Only the yearly agricultural subventions, which should generate same wealth in total cost of 16 to 28 billion Euros, which is approximately 15% of the EH- budget These amounts may not be financed, with regards to the bad financial situation of the other member states. As a consequence of this many of the existing areas already supported, would lose their benefits, which would lead to an unacceptable situation.Of course one must add, that these numbers are pure speculation and nobody can predict the exact numbers. Moreover after an accession of Turkey the EX. would gain lots of unpleasant neighbors, the central conflict regions of our planet full of unbelievable, unpredictable potentials of extremists. Thousands of miles of borders should be guarded to hold all the people that want to come from Asia, the Arabian peninsula, or maybe from Africa over Turkey to Europe. It is probably needless to say that this action also causes high costs.In addition Turkey as the biggest country in the European Union would have the same rank within the European institutions as Germany, Great Britain and France. That is to say the poorest country plays a dominant political role. On the other hand Turkey has 72 million inhabitants (it would be the most populated country of the EX. in 15 years), which means, that a very large nonuser-market would be developed. A number of investors would raise capital and cheap manpower which would result in a gain of economic productivity and prevent the migration of Turkish workers.In addition Turkey is a very important connection between the Caspian and Middle easter n energy sources and Europe. Several pipelines offer the EX. alternative energy routes, what will decrease the dependence from Russia. Nevertheless several articles have shown it is very unpredictable if the EX. would gain profit of a Turkey admission. Another interesting point with regards to the Turkish admission is the fear of the efferent religious settings ruling in Turkey, which causes different reactions in the ELI. 99% of the Turkish population is Muslim. 15 million Muslims are already living in the ELI. Millions of them live in Germany. Turkey would be the first Muslim-majority country to Join the European Union, although Albania, Bosnia and Herringbone and Spooks are also Muslim-majority, and have been recognized as potential candidate countries. Supporters of Turkey see the possible development of a European-Turkish- Islamic culture as a chance to split off Islam as a religious conviction from a political nomination system. They also argument, that we now have the unique chance to unite these cultures which is also a chance to show the people, that the impossible is possible.I don ‘t think that the Turkish membership is really necessary to demonstrate multiculturalism to the inside and cooperation willingness to countries of other cultural circles to the outside. Opponents of a Turkish accession argue that Turkey is in the Arabian world not as popular as one suspects, because the Arabs see Turkey still as colonial power. So Turkey is no bridge between the east and the west. In the EX. is the principle of free movement of goods and free movement of persons, which would also be applied on Turkey as an EX. member.This causes another fear in certain European countries. As I already mentioned 15 million Muslims are living in the ELI, from which the majority was not able to integrate very well. As a consequence important point for EX. citizens is also, that Turkey doses ‘t belong to Europe. With regards to Istanbul there is only a very small p art of turkey that belongs to Europe. The big cultural difference is a result of the fact that Turkey has never noticed the Jewish-Christian ethics, the renaissance or the Enlightenment, as a European never noticed the culture of harems.If the EX. accepts non-European countries it would also have to take in consideration the accession of other countries like Israel, Ukraine, Russia and White Russia. As a consequence of this it would be much more difficult to create a European identity, which is even in the actual situation a big problem. â€Å"l think that Turkey should be allowed into the EX. because of its long-standing historical goal of being integrated with the modern word as well as her historical ties with European countries.

In instructon Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

In instructon - Assignment Example First, however, will be my passive involvement of watching training sessions in order to determine the activity to which I shall commit. My follow up plans will include monitoring my attendance, with the aim of attending at least 70 percent of training sessions per month. Setting timed-based achievement goals, in competitions, and identifying an accountability partner are other follow up plans on getting involved. The Community Connection aims at establishing a link between students and Terre Haute citizens and I plan to be involved in the organization’s community initiatives and meetings. I shall follow through getting involved by learning interpersonal relations skills, being updated on the organization’s activities, and recording each activity that I attend and those that I miss. I shall then evaluate my participation, based on response rates of other members, with the aim of ensuring that my involvement is above average response frequency of all members. Friends of Friend however aims and developing social relations and I plan to get involved through making friends and connecting people for social ties. I will join the organization, identify the most popular people in it, and try to make friends with the people and their associated. I shall also monitor my progress in making and retaining

Different Rather Complicated Games Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Different Rather Complicated Games - Assignment Example That was when he started to design games of the same nature at the age of about 13.   The writer solemnly believes that the kind of thinking he was doing was the result of the video games and sitcoms that were popular at his time. The writer’s major argument here is that today’s pop culture does not affect the individuals, in fact, it is the other way round. Pop culture is the result of the system. The writer goes on to say that he doesn’t believe that today’s pop culture make it to the bracket of masterpieces but it certainly has more depth and meaning than it appears to have. The writer believes the sleeper curve to be the most important force that is affecting mental development in this age. He believes it to enhance thinking and improved behavior in members of the society rather than the opposite. The opposing position to this argument is that the pop culture enhanced by the popularity of video games knows no boundaries. The sex, violence, and profan ity not just give out a negative image of the society as a whole, it corrupts it. Columnist Suzanne Fields puts it best; it is shameful to think about how many people are exposed to the worst traits within their society. The boundaries of acceptable conduct have become murky because people believe it is okay for them to act in accordance with what the pop culture is showing them. The writer’s major argument is that media doesn’t corrupt society, it is a result of the corrupted society. The pop culture in the form of video games is a reflection of the real world, the world that isn’t the so happy and safe place people want it portrayed like. The author also says that it is not the content of the pop culture that matters but one needs to look at the positive thought process it is responsible for. The writer goes on to acknowledge the benefits of conventional learning forms such as books admitting that they are the best vehicle of learning but argues that video gam es can provide with the same benefits. The only problem people have with them is that they came later on. If video games were the conventional form of learning and books were introduced after them, people would have the same reaction to books. He says that people are just resistant to change and adapting to modes like television and video games as learning sources it just a matter of being better acclimatized with them. Video games benefits are simply not limited to better hand and eye coordination, it offers much more. In retrospect, video gaming is a more effective form of learning for it is more engaging, interactive and generally more enduring. It packages learning with the element of fun delivering lessons without boring people. In fact, many a time when individuals are not playing, they are thinking about how to overcome a particular obstacle in the game. As such, video games encourage and foster personal as well as mental development. The writer of the book comes across as im partial. True he has very strong beliefs about the pop culture especially video games believing them to be a positive driver of the society. However, it cannot be ignored that the writer acknowledges the other point of view and gives it due consideration.

HMI Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HMI Systems - Research Paper Example These human machine interface systems do give people ability to control operations, a system or processes. They incorporate all the necessary features enabling a user to touch, hear, see, or even use them to do certain control operations while receiving instant feedback at the same time. An environment of harmonious and efficient process is created. Communication with these machines is achieved in various ways and the most dominant ones are through hard wired connections, wireless or Wi-Fi connections or even serial bus connections. The technologies used in these connections to link the applications to HMI would be of greater impact on the operator and the whole system. Most of the time, it is required that these HMI machines are given the right instructions in order to ensure effective performance and avoid disasters. They work on the simple analogy of ‘garbage in garbage out’ where if bad data is fed in, bad information is processed and disseminated. Communication is a n important tool and if not well used, it could be the source of serious problems in any operation1. Tenerife airport disaster of 1977 involving two Boeing 747 passenger aircrafts could mainly be attributed to poor communication and other leadership issues that were not addressed in time. This paper takes a look at the horrific crash from the perspective of a manager and tries to establish its metaphorical aspect in terms of leadership during turbulent times; considers the barriers to effective decision-making process; actions the pilots of both aircraft should have taken to avoid the crash; translation of these actions to successful corporate leadership; and derives certain fundamental lessons that should be learnt from this incidence. Leadership is a simple term but its effects are very great and might define failure or success of any business or operation. The effects of poor leadership are always very detrimental. 2.0 Antecedent events and final details of the March 27, 1977 cra sh of KLM 4805 and Pan Am 1736 at Tenerife in the Canary Islands These two aircrafts had been diverted from Gran Canaria Airport following a bomb explosion. The fear of further bombings led to many aircrafts being parked along the taxiway and thus blocking it. A very dense fog developed and these added problems to the already worse situation since visibility was highly reduced and the aircrafts could not locate each other and the controller normally at the tower also failed to see the taxiway and there was no radar on the ground. Only voice reports via could be used to communicate with pilots. There was total miscommunication during takeoff and the pilot of KLM tried taking off. The runway was also obstructed by the refueling vehicle and the KLM aircraft which made it hard for the Pan Am aircraft to get around the fueling point. Routine procedures for takeoff were done by the KLM captain and the co-pilot did advice the captain that they had not been given the ATC clearance after he witnessed the maneuver and he was told to

Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems Research Paper

Transitioning From Closed to Open Systems - Research Paper Example Apparently, the nursing sector has an open and closed system of solving problems. In the open system a nursing facility is at freewill to look for external help from other facilities and organizations. However, closed system perspectives state that a facility will only seek solutions from the internal environment. The latter limits the number of solutions to the existing problems. In recent times, many health facilities have experienced a shortage in the number of nurses that should attend to patients. Nurses are considered vital in ensuring all the patients are recuperating at a desirable rate. This is owing to the basic services that are offered by the nurses which include exercises, administering drugs, feeding and cleaning of patients. Without adequacy in such services patients will not recover in good time. Therefore, shortage of nurses in the nursing sector is a blow as the patients rarely get the services they need (Smith, 2010). One prevalent issue is the lack of sufficient number of nurses, especially in the ICU. Most patients who are taken to the ICU require intensive care that involves various delicate services. Acceptable standards state that there should be at least one nurse taking care of two patients in the ICU. Nevertheless, in most health facilities this is a rare ratio. Most of the nurses have to offer their services to at least three patie nts, which obviously overworks the nurses leading to poor service delivery. In bizarre incidents a single nurse is forced to serve four patients in the ICU. This highly degrades the quality of services offered across the nursing profession. As such, it jeopardizes the health and safety of the patients in the ICU as well as the reputation of particular health institutions. Shortage of nurses is a prevalent problem that risks the lives of patients. There are various ways of solving the problem though. However, it would be a hard task to use a closed

Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Quiz - Essay Example 2. Mainly, there are three levels of technical audience to whom a technical document addresses. These are the lay persons, the technicians and the experts. When creating any documentation, there is a need to consider the targeted audience in that their level of mastery in the field differs. In other words, a document that targets the lay persons should not contain too much technicalities, while one that targets experts has to be in a sophisticated level of technicality. Experts possess advanced knowledge in the field and they do recognize one another by decoding the advance jargon and technicalities to make meaning from a document. On the contrary, the lay persons and the technicians may need synthesizing of some technical elements to make adequate meaning of the document. 3. The use of visuals is important in any technical document. Visuals and images do communicate major elements and facts that may take long to express through words, or which may be difficult to express. The benefit is that not only does the use of visuals shorten the documentation, but it also offers concise understanding of the presented concepts and brings out the different communicated concepts in a simplified manner by stressing how the different components of an item relate to make whole. 4. An example of a technical document is given above. The document would be more likely to be used in symposiums and in institutions of higher learning targeting experts and technicians in audio technology. This is because; the document highlights major developments and directions in the field of audio technology. The document serves the above audience best in that it offers concise understanding of what has been done, what is being done and the future direction in the field. The aim is to place students and experts in a better position to research future in the field equipped with the previous, current and expected future

Evaluate the reasons for the recent global financial crisis. ( Banking Essay

Evaluate the reasons for the recent global financial crisis. ( Banking and Finance Moudle) - Essay Example The recent global economic crisis has been labelled by economists as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression and the domino effect of the crisis has culminated in the decline of consumer spending, demise of established businesses in key industry sectors and heightened government burden in developed countries (United Nations, 2009 p.1). Indeed, in the United Nations’ â€Å"Global Outlook: Economic Situation and Prospects 2009†, the United Nations comments that â€Å"it was never meant to happen again, but the world economy is now mired in a severe financial crisis since the Great Depression† (United Nations, 2009, p.1). Moreover, the global nature of the economic crisis has not only had a domino impact on national economies, infrastructure and the retail sector; it has also served as a barrier to quick recovery (Shiller, 2008). In evaluating the causal triggers and reasons for the recent economic crisis, this paper will evaluate the concept of financi al crisis with contextual reference to the current global economic crisis with contextual reference to various academic commentary and discourse pertaining to the reasons for the economic meltdown of 2008. ... Academic and media commentary on the crisis has highlighted the point that the immediate trigger was the collapse of the US housing market as a result of the sub prime market disaster upon which the international banking industry had been lending through following trends in the housing market (Ambachtshee et al 2008, p.149). Indeed, the United Nations analysis of the global outlook for 2009 asserted that â€Å"in little over a year, the mid-2007 sub-prime mortgage debacle in the United States of America has developed into a global financial crisis and started to move the global economy into a recession† (United Nations, 2009 p.1). Furthermore, in considering the interrelationship between the sub-prime crisis and the economic crisis, the contagion effects of sub-prime asset backed collateralized debt obligations are reinforced by results of the empirical investigation undertaken by Longstaff in â€Å"The Subprime Credit Crisis and Contagion in financial markets† (2010). Longstaff utilised data for ABX subprime indexes and found evidence of correlation between financial contagion and the subprime liquidity channels (Longstaff, 2010). However, whilst Longstaff acknowledges that the concomitant impact of the subprime crisis clearly had a direct correlation to contagion effects on other markets; Longstaff’s analysis of the data in his investigation suggests that: â€Å"The ABC Index returns forecast stock returns and Treasury and Corporate bond yield changes by as much as three weeks ahead during the subprime crisis† (Longstaff, 2010). To this end, the findings of Longstaff’s analysis undermine the presumption in pre-existing commentary which argued that the subprime assets were intrinsically flawed and unreliable (Longstaff, 2010). Moreover, Longstaff argues that

Comparative Analysis of Slavery by Stanley Elkins and Ordeal by Fire Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Slavery by Stanley Elkins and Ordeal by Fire by James McPherson - Research Paper Example The difference in skin colour made a total difference in the perception of humanity that led to different treatment towards different people depending on their skin colour. Slave trade became a common phenomenon in America in the early 18th century with the onset of agricultural developments and the industrial revolution. However, slavery in America can be traced back to the 16th century when the first slaves entered America, twenty of them, all blacks from the African continent. These were brought into America as permanently indentured servants leading to more Negros and Caucasians moving into America as permanently indentured servants. Slavery, later on, grew in the southern agriculture where three types of crops were grown: tobacco, rice and indigo as a means of providing cheap untrained labor (McPherson, 1982). The farm owners who grew indigo felt devastated with the smell that was associated with it and did not want to touch it hence the need to have the African slaves to work o n the production as they concentrated on the sales and the keeping of the income that was accrued from the enterprise. Two American writers Stanley Elkins and James McPherson became so bold to address the evil that was being meted out on humanity by their fellow humans. In a bid to advocate for the abolition of the vice, these writers sternly criticized the trade of slaves in America and pointed out the need to set them free as they held to the fact that all men were created equal and that the slave trade was an embarrassment to the American continent. McPherson notes that at the onset of slavery in North America, slaves rarely worked on farms since most northerners only owned subsistence farms, slaves were therefore used as cooks, butlers, and house cleaners. These were more of light chores that did not humiliate the slaves. However, the dawn of agriculture-shifted things all together and the normal manual household chores were replaced with the forced farm labour. This left the sl aves with no choice other than to admit and be receptive to the prevailing shift in working conditions. Macpherson’s protest began at the point when forced labour was entitled to the slave immigrants. Arising from this, he launched a campaign for the slaves’ freedom. He argues, â€Å"The industrial revolution's new inventions made northern slave labour uneconomical. Free labour replaced slavery in most northern states except for the border state of Delaware. Free labour emphasized the right of each individual to "sell" his labour to the highest bidder† (McPherson, 1982). Thus, the sale of men in the American markets like goods moved McPherson to challenge the ethical implications of this. This according to him was a complete disregard of the human nature by her fellow humans, to sell a person as a good in the market was an abuse to human nature â€Å"when the southwest opened up new cotton lands, after depleting the upper south's soils, the slave population aga in increased. Upper south whites bred slaves for sale in the lower south† (McPherson, 1982)

The Cable News Network Essay Example for Free

The Cable News Network Essay The Cable News Network (CNN) is considered as one of the most respectable institutions in the field of news reporting. The CNN is a television network owned by the Time Warner as the news division of the Turner Broadcasting System. It is a television network that renders a 24-hour news coverage which includes the events that are taking place in other countries. According to Nielsen, a statistical organization measuring TV ratings, CNN ranked number two in America, trailing behind Fox News in terms of total audience (Project for Excellence in Journalism, 2007). Due to its respectable position in its chosen field, its reportage should be characterized by honesty and accuracy. To stress further the importance of news reportage, it is better to present it with statistics and statements. For instance, a news report that pertains to business utilizes mostly statistics, while some news reports that are politics-related quote the various officials pertinent to the news story. One of the recent news today which is widely debated and deliberated is the $700 billion bail-out fund intended to help out the troubled institutions due to the financial crisis that the nation is experiencing. Poppy Harlow, one of the CNN’s newscasters, made a report about the bail-out proposal. The main objective of Harlow’s reporting is to explain the meaning and the intention of the rescue bill and why the government is wiling to release such funds for it (â€Å"Heres the plan,† 2008). The 110-page bail-out proposal has been finally approved by the Congress. The minor legislative wing released the bill last Sunday evening. It is expected that the bill will take fast-track motions up to the Senate by Wednesday. The bill is based on the proposal of the Treasury Secretary, Henry Paulson, who requested the government to acquire troubled businesses so the banks can start lending money and perform properly (Sahadi, 2008). The bill mainly features the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Through this program, the government will buy assets that are experiencing financial crisis. The fund released is equal to the fund Paulson requested, but the first $250 billion will be allocated to save the U. S. economy. The members of the prevailing political parties in the U. S. are concerned with the possibility that the taxpayers will pay for the bail-out proposal. Thus, they added several conditions to protect the taxpayers (Sahadi, 2008). Poppy Harlow reported the facts in a straight and concise manner. She did not exaggerate nor make the story light. She made the story sensible to every American and delivered it in such a way that every American would be concerned with the prevailing issue. Though the news report lacks direct quotation, she included the previous statements of Henry Paulson, the Treasury Secretary, about his proposal and his plans before it was approved as a bill. This supports the news story, feeding the public with information that they might miss. The statements are also utilized as an explanation or additional information for the news being reported. The news report also provides an example of what might happen if the plan will be carried out (â€Å"Heres the plan,† 2008). Poppy Harlow reported with fairness. She rendered the news without much difficulty. In this way, people coming from various sectors will be able to understand the news. The words are not highly-technical, and if there are words that are relevant for the public to know, Harlow provided an explanation or a working definition of the concept (â€Å"Heres the plan,† 2008). In news reporting, the statistical data, testimonials, and the examples play important roles in the news report, for they further expound the topic or the news reported for the better understanding of the audiences. References Heres the plan: Congressional leaders reach a tentative agreement on a $700 billion economic bailout plan. (2008, September 28). CNNMoney. com [Webcast Transcript]. Retrieved September 28, 2008 from http://money. cnn. com/video/#/video/news/2008/09/28/news. harlow. bailout. 092808. cnnmoney Project for Excellence in Journalism (2007). Economics. The State of the News Media 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://www. stateofthenewsmedia. org/2007/narrative_cabletv_audience. asp? cat=3media=6. Sahadi, J. (2008, September 28). Rescue bill unveiled. CNNMoney. com. BigCharts. com. Retrieved September 29, 2008 from http://money. cnn. com/2008/09/28/news/economy/Sunday_talks_bailout/index. htm? cnn=yes.

Operational difference Essay Example for Free

Operational difference Essay Both McDonalds Corporations and Burger King Corporation operate in the highly competitive and growing fast food industry. In a fierce battle to capture market share both companies operate in an environment of tight controls and clearly defined operations strategies. While McDonalds has opted to offer a standardized product to its customers, Burger King has attempted to capture market share by offering its customers the flexibility to customize. The advertising slogans, Have It Your Way by Burger King vs We Do It All For You by McDonalds explains the difference in production methods. Therefore, the operational strategy has direct implications on the process flow, the output, the human resource management and the bottom line of each company. McDonalds uses a batch process to cook hamburgers (Exhibit A). Using a batch process means that the speed of delivery is dependent upon the speed and experience of the individual worker. Hamburgers are cooked on a large platen, in batches of up to twelve. Two or more batches may be on the platen at one time, in various stages of cooking. This means that a worker is required to manage the grill exclusively during rush hours. The hamburgers are hand-seared after 20 seconds on the grill, turned at 60 seconds, and pulled at 100 seconds. While the hamburgers are cooking, buns are toasted (55 seconds) the crown of the bun is dressed and condiments are added. When the hamburgers come off the grill, workers complete the hamburger as per the pre-defined guidelines, wrap and shelve them in the bin. If there are two batches going in different stages of cooking, speed is essential to keep the production moving For years, McDonald’s and Burger King (BK) have been the world’s two largest and most successful fast food chains. Both have battled out all these years over their operational differences which form the core of their corporate culture. The â€Å"Doing It All For You† (McDonald’s) vs. â€Å"Having It Your Way† (BK’s) stems from their respective production methods. McDonald’s â€Å"Made to Stock† vs. BK’s â€Å"Made to Order† also originate from the differences in their respective processes. Exhibits 1 and 2 show the Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) of McDonald’s and BK respectively. Exhibit 3 provides a detailed comparative analysis of the PFDs of these two fast food chains. The main operational difference between McDonald’s and BK is that McDonald’s cooks their hamburgers on grills using a â€Å"batch process† (a batch of upto 12 patties/grill) with human intervention to turn, sear, and pull. BK uses the machine based – Continuous Chain Broiler assembly process (8 burgers/meat chain) for the production of their burgers – similar to an assembly line in a manufacturing process thus, requiring no human intervention. For a â€Å"made to stock† process, it requires burgers in bulk and hence the batch process in McDonald’s. Whereas, for a â€Å"made to order† process, it requires an assembly chain process where meat patties are placed at one end and after 80 seconds they come out the other end, cooked – one by one. Also, since BK harps on â€Å"make to order† process, it requires a semi-finished inventory – Steam Table in which mated buns and patties sit for 10 minutes and then discarded. In McDonald’s â€Å"continuous process† there is no such inventory and all the buns and patties are mated during the assembly process following the dressing. It should be noted that mating of the buns and patties before the assembly process in BK is a result of BK’s variety of menu. Whoppers and Burgers both are of different sizes and hence the mating before assembly process. McDonald’s menu† less product more often†.

Process of Human Resource Planning

Process of Human Resource Planning Executive Summary Human Resource Planning is the process of determining future employee needs and deciding steps or strategies to achieve those needs for the purpose of accomplishing organizational goals and objectives. It is a Human Resource Management function that focuses on providing the organization with an adequate manpower. Main objective of Human Resource Planning is to ensure that the business having the right people at the right place at the right time doing the right work. Human Resource Planning enable the management of the company to determine future employee needs, to utilize human resource more efficiently and effectively, to control employment cost, to develop high talent employees and to formulate and successfully implement strategies. HRP or the work-force planning is a one of the most impactful aspects of the todays business. Human Resource Planning is an on-going process rather than a process limited to one stand-pint and then implemented. It in the broadest sense included both the strategic and operational human resources of the organization. It is a strategically driven HRM function that leads the company to acquire competitive advantages. Human resource gain competitive advantages by gaining cost economics, by operating productively, efficiently and effectively and by changing operations and acquiring new enterprises. This report begins with discussing the matter of Human Resource Planning applying to a selected organisation. It will be discussed the considerations regarding the employment and the employees such as the legal and organizational framework, organizational environment, grievance, discipline and dismissal processes. Question O1: Understand how the HR plan supports the strategic objectives 1.1 Assessing the strategic importance of current, future and anticipated HR requirements The human resource is the most important resource a business has. Very often whether the corporate sets the future plans for other functions and for the other resources it is neglected to predict the future of the work-force. Further sometimes the enterprise identifies the importance of the quantitative factor of the resource but ignore the qualitative factors. Sometimes the organizations are very critical with human resource factor and the development of skills and new talents are very significant for such companies. If the manager of these companies fail to identify what skills the company needs, how much of them need, and fail to secure the appropriate supply then the capacity of the organization to fulfill the business requirements will be rare. Therefore it is crucial to every business to have a HR plan to meet and future workforce requirements in the both ways of quantity and quality. When planning the human resource several aspects are to be looked at and several questions have to be answered. These aspects and the questions themselves emphasize the strategic importance of HRP. The first one is determining the number of employees to be employed at a new place. The organization may have engaged too many staff so that there exists a surplus or underutilized workforce. If the number of employees is less that actual requirement then the organization will fail to meet the production requirements and there by fail to meet the market demand. Accordingly, it is very clear that the company will fail in front of the competition of the market. The questions that would have to be answered are, How can the output be improved? Understand the interrelation between productivity, technological changes and the existing workforce. What are the techniques can be used to set the work force requirements? Have more flexible work organization been considered? How to acquire the necessary staff? The second is how to retain your highly skilled staff. This is very important in the competitive environment. The skilled employees who contribute with distinct talents may leave the company on the grounds that the current company does not pay them satisfactorily when it so clear that such payment is very fair. Company may lose the capacity to meet the goals and will fail with the rival companies with lower human talents. Further to the losses arising from the competitive markets the company will have to incur higher costs of payments for the employees who left the company, and the costs of recruitment, induction and training of novel staff. Hence the questions will have to be answered are, How to monitor the extent of resignations? What are the reasons for turnover? What are the costs for the organization? How the turnovers of the company vary with the other companies of the industry? The third one would be how to manage a downsizing program effectively? This is critical. Managers have to cut off some of his staff painlessly while protecting long-term interests. HRP will help managers by considering; What sort of workforce envisage at the end of the exercise? How the nature and extent of wastage will change? Whether the use of retraining, redeployment and transfers would work out? What are appropriate recruitment levels? The fourth aspect we have to consider is from where you find the necessary skills and number of employees? If you do not have a clear idea you will face short-term skills and manpower shortage. The questions would have to be addressed are; Whether current career system of the organization supports the future requirements? What are the characteristics of those who currently occupy senior positions? What is the organizations future supply of talents? Then the answers to these questions can be compared with the future requirements in the number and the type. Internal structural changes and the external business environmental changes will affect the sources of future supply of skills and persons. Moreover it is important to note that the inconsistencies between culture and the strategies will severely damage the company sustainability. The organization must build up a pool of work-force who is match with the organizations culture. Hence it is important to plan the number, skills and sources from where you acquire future needs of human resource to recruit right people. HRP is highly interdependent with all aspects of the business. It is affected by the all other sections strategies and future directions. Therefore the scope and objectives of the HRP must be thoroughly understood to acquire sustainable competitive advantages. Any HR strategy must be coping with the corporate and business level strategies. HRP must be done in the companys strategic planning process so that a definition for expansion of the future needs will be strategically developed. 1.2 Analyse how HR planning impacts on the strategic plan The HR planning is develop to identification and ensure the staffs, particular job related skills and talents, training and development, retention of staff, recruitments, selection processes and etc. The strategic plan give the future needs and trend of the staff to the particular departments, required talents, recruitments, training and development needs of staff. Therefore the practice of HR functions which depends on HR planning and developments depends on the strategic plan which established by the top management of the organization. HR planning uses the inputs as information from the strategic plans. So HR planning influences the existence of mission and goals of the organizational strategic planning process. The organizational quality and level of standard about goods and services is depending on the quality work of staff of the organization. Therefore the standard of strategic decisions will reflect through the profitability and growth of the HR planning taken by the organization. Question O2: Understand the legal and organizational frameworks for the employment of staff 2.1 Evaluate the current legal requirements influencing a HR plan The government regulations, tax purposes, employee rules and regulations, social security purposes will influence the HR planning of the organization. The economic conditions like economic booms and recessions of the country will make different legal and ethical conditions in the country. Therefore the legal requirements of the organizational framework will influence the recruitment and selection of new employees. Therefore the unemployment rates, interest rates and etc will make legal requirements for the organizational HR conditions. These will affect to the HR planning for training and development of staff of the organization. 2.2 Describe a process for recruitment and selection of new staff (external candidates) that complies with current legislation and organization requirements The recruitment of the staff depends on the needs and requirements of the position of the organization. The recruited people must be able to perform current and the intended requirements of the organization. Through the advertising and recruiting agencies the recruitment information can be publish. For some jobs cannot be done by the womens. In that positions should be restrict to the mens, so the recruitment must be done according to these legislations. In the legislation the womens have time constraints of working time and hours. The selection process carried out through the people who have recruited to the organization through different resources. The interviews, CV screening, identifying skills and talents will help for better selection of new staff to the organization. The discriminations cannot be done on race, color, nationality and region when the selection process. The men and women must be paid in same amount for the same work force and etc in the organization. Question O3: Understand the effect of the organizational environment on staff 3.1 Discuss how organizational culture affects recruitment and retention of staff The recruitment process will reflect the organizational culture and the staff is fit for that culture then the staffs will exist more time in the organization. The organizational culture affected to the job analysis, job description, recruitment, selections and etc. The organizational limitations are can be also affect to the organizational culture. The employee retention will benefit to the organization as well as to the employee. Therefore the employee should have better understanding about the organization and will be able to adapt to that environment easily. Employee retention is key element to the organizational existence. On the other hand high labour turnover is a cost, leads to more turnover, loss of organizational knowledge, harm to the image and the goodwill of the organization, inefficiencies of the work in the organization. 3.2 Assess work life balance issues and the changing patterns of work practices The employee stress on the work force of the organisation highly affected to the life. The lot of overtime is done by some of the employees will lead to some absentee sums on staff sickness. So such problems will affect to the work life and home life problems and issues. To eliminate these problems the government have establish employee rules and regulations. The changing patterns of the work practice are very hard to capture by some employees of the organisation. Therefore the change agents must be able to identify the situation and the positions of the organisational workforce and change according to the clear concepts and conditions. The changes must be discussed with the employees before. The organisation should be considerable to provide the quality and slandered service to the customers. There are seasonal fluctuations of customers in the different time period of the year. Therefore the changing patterns of the work practice will need in such situations. Question O4: Understand the grievance, discipline and dismissal process 4.1 Identify the process to be followed in a grievance situation The grievance situation occurs when an employee has a problem with the employer. In such a situation the three steps are taken place, the written statement, a meeting and an appeal meeting. The written statement must be accepted by the employee the person who has the problem. Then it will pass to the human resource manager to his consideration. In the disciplinary meeting the particular employee or a work representative will participate. In this meeting discussed about the actions happened and in details about the problem and come to the agreement about the facts of the problem. And come up to a situation to an arrival of solution. If the employee is not satisfied about the problem then the employee can appeal the problem. This meeting is also same as the above meeting but the employee will represent the disagreement to the solution of the organization. 4.2 Describe the stages of a discipline issue that results in dismissal The absentee sums, poor work performance, neglecting of duty, threats, frauds, offensive behavior, harassments, inappropriate behavior, misconduct, repeat minor behavior and etc. are the main discipline issues. The written document about the unacceptable discipline and discussed about in the meeting by the representation of the particular employee or a work representative. Then after the meeting or before the deadlines the employee is allowed to appeal. If it is not agreed then the employee can appeal in the employee tribunal about the disciplinary action. Some times the disciplinary issues results in a dismissals. The lots of the dismissals are not fair. The unaware of the rules and regulations of the organization, didnt give much chance for the employee to tell about his own side about the issues, does not give equal chance to each employee and etc. are lead to dismissals in so many cases. 4.3 Explain the role of ACAS, Employment Tribunals and other external agencies that could be involved in grievance, discipline and dismissal processes The ACAS is involving in grievance, discipline and dismissal processes. In the ACAS code of practice the disciplinary procedure must be in written statement, provides the actions to be taken place and resolving, ACAS tells the responsible authority to take actions about the discipline, explain the employees about the basic rules and regulations of the organization, explain the organization to, the employees must not be dismissed to the first breach of discipline and given rights to the employee to explain the situations and ides about the discipline.